be tuned from 1.06 to 1.42 GHz by using an added varactor diode. Because the SO signals with a 500-MHz external signal having a 0-dBm power level are mixed, the VCO can generate various LO signals. The implemented VCO operates at 3 V with 30-mA current consumption. The output frequencies of the VCO are 787, 1715, and 1900 MHz and these frequencies are dependent upon the capacitance of the varactor diode. The phase noise performance of the VCO is less than Ϫ91 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset point and the measured output levels range from Ϫ5.6 to 0 dBm.Although the resonator has a narrow-frequency tuning range, the tuning range of the VCO is expanded from 29% to 109.7%. Since the VCO can generate a number of output signals with various frequency components, it can be used for a complex multiband mobile environment.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by HY-SDR ResearchCenter at Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, under the ITRC Program of IITA, Korea. 2. J. Ryynanen, A dual-band RF front-end for WCDMA and GSM applications, IEEE J Solid-State Circ 36 (2001). 3. S. Wu and B. Razzavi, A 900-MHz/1.8-GHz CMOS receiver for dual-band applications, Proc ISSCC (1998), 124 -125. 4. A. Tasic, W.A. Serdijin, and J.R. Long, Design of multistandard adaptive voltage-controlled oscillators, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 53 (2005). 5.