TiO2 is the most promising anode material for lithium-/sodium-ion
batteries (LIBs/SIBs) for grid-scale energy storage. However, the
use of TiO2 anodes is greatly restricted by the low theoretical
capacity, inferior electrical conductivity, and slow ion diffusion.
In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon-coated TiO2/TiF3 heterostructure nanoboxes with a hierarchically porous yolk–shell
structure were successfully fabricated and demonstrated impressive
electrochemical performance when employed as anodes for LIBs and SIBs.
Specifically, this anode delivers a high lithium storage capacity
of 245 mA h g–1 at 100 mA g–1 after
100 cycles and excellent rate capability up to 5000 mA g–1 with a capacity of 71 mA h g–1. In addition, it
also delivers a considerable sodium storage capacity of 112 mA h g–1 at 50 mA g–1 after 100 cycles.
The enhanced lithium and sodium storage performance is attributed
to the TiO2/TiF3 heterostructure that improves
both specific capacity and charge transfer, conductive carbon frameworks,
and hierarchically porous yolk–shell structure with open diffusion
channels.