Cr release after Cr(III) and Cr(VI) enrichment from different layers of cast iron corrosion scales in drinking water distribution systems: the impact of pH, temperature, sulfate, and chloride

Tian, Yuan; Yu, Tiantian; Shen, Jingyi; Zheng, Guolei; Han, Li; Zhao, Weigao

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15754-w

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Another toxic heavy metal is chromium. The accumulation and release of chromium (III) and (VI) from iron corrosion scales was investigated [139]. The outer layer of the scale accumulates less chromium and releases more.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

Stefan,

Bosomoiu,

Teodorescu

2023

Polymers

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The inner walls of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to ensure a safe quality of drinking water. Complex physical, chemical, and biological processes take place when water comes into contact with the pipe surface. This paper describes the impact of leaching different compounds from the water supply pipes into drinking water and subsequent risks. Among these compounds, there are heavy metals. It is necessary to prevent these metals from getting into the DWDS. Those compounds are susceptible to impacting the quality of the water delivered to the population either by leaching dangerous chemicals into water or by enhancing the development of microorganism growth on the pipe surface. The corrosion process of different pipe materials, scale formation mechanisms, and the impact of bacteria formed in corrosion layers are discussed. Water treatment processes and the pipe materials also affect the water composition. Pipe materials act differently in the flowing and stagnation conditions. Moreover, they age differently (e.g., metal-based pipes are subjected to corrosion while polymer-based pipes have a decreased mechanical resistance) and are susceptible to enhanced bacterial film formation. Water distribution pipes are a dynamic environment, therefore, the models that are used must consider the changes that occur over time. Mathematical modeling of the leaching process is complex and includes the description of corrosion development over time, correlated with a model for the biofilm formation and the disinfectants–corrosion products and disinfectants–biofilm interactions. The models used for these processes range from simple longitudinal dispersion models to Monte Carlo simulations and 3D modeling. This review helps to clarify what are the possible sources of compounds responsible for drinking water quality degradation. Additionally, it gives guidance on the measures that are needed to maintain stable and safe drinking water quality.

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Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vanadium release is increased by low pH, high temperatures, and high sulfate ion concentration [138]. Chromium release is affected by several factors in a decreasing order: pH > temperature > chloride ion concentration > sulfate ion concentration [139].…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

Stefan,

Bosomoiu,

Teodorescu

2023

Polymers

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“…The emphasis on chemical speciation analysis of metals rather than their total concentration in samples emerged from the knowledge that biological systems respond differently to chem-ical forms of metal [1][2][3]. Thus, the physiological response of biological organisms to tri-and-hexavalent chromium represents the beneficial and the harmful roles associated with the element respectively [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trivalent Cr being essential to humans plays a vital role in the metabolism of glucose and lipids, [2,[5][6][7], and the formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in mammals [1,5]. Con-trariwise, hexavalent chromium is a class 1 human carcinogen [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-step one-pot speciation of chromium as Cr-APDC-and-NaEDTA complexes followed by ETA-AAS analysis

Salihu,

Bakar

2024

Recent Adv. Nat. Sci

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A two-step preconcentration method involving solid-and-liquid-phase extraction procedures has been proposed for the speciation of chromium in a one-pot system. The method used sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaEDTA) and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). The Cr(VI)-APDC was extracted with ethyl acetate and digested with nitric acid. while the Cr(III)-EDTA complex ion was adsorbed onto Al2O3 (neutral grade) with the aid of a tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) pairing agent and desorbed with a hydrochloric acid solution. Sample splitting was not required. The ZEEnit 650P, electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometer, (ETA-AAS) was employed for the analysis. The concentration of the chromium (III) in the samples ranged from 1.83±0.00 µg L−1 to 106.28±0.21 µg L−1, while <LOD to 19.85±0.12 µg L−1 was the range of Cr(VI) concentration in the samples. Recovery from spiked samples was between 83% and 117% Cr(III) and 79% and 99% Cr(VI). Precision (n = 6), was 1.87% for Cr(III) and 7.67% for Cr(VI). The limits of detection (LODs), calculated by the Aspect LS software (3σ, n = 11) were 0.42 µg L−1 and 0.62 µg L−1 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) respectively. The mean total chromium (n = 3), from the certified reference material (CRM), LGC6019 was 0.74±0.61 µg L−1, (certified value = 0.78±0.20 µg L−1). The preconcentration factor: ratio of the Cr(III) content of CRM before and after preconcentration was 3.57. Parameters such as pH, time, temperature, and the amount of adsorbent were optimized by the isolation method. The method was validated and applied for the speciation analysis of chromium in water samples.

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Study on release and occurrence of typical metals in corrosion products of drinking water distribution systems under stagnation conditions

Zhang

Zhao

She

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Cr release after Cr(III) and Cr(VI) enrichment from different layers of cast iron corrosion scales in drinking water distribution systems: the impact of pH, temperature, sulfate, and chloride

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

Two-step one-pot speciation of chromium as Cr-APDC-and-NaEDTA complexes followed by ETA-AAS analysis

Study on release and occurrence of typical metals in corrosion products of drinking water distribution systems under stagnation conditions

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