Crack cocaine addiction, early life stress and accelerated cellular aging among women

Levandowski, Mateus Luz; Tractenberg, Saulo Gantes; Azeredo, Lucas Araújo de; Nardi, Tatiana De; Rovaris, Diego Luiz; Bau, Claiton H.D.; Rizzo, Lucas B.; Maurya, Pawan Kumar; Brietzke, Elisa; Tyrka, Audrey R.; Grassi‐Oliveira, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.009

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…[22,37,39] Among combat-exposed male war veterans, ACEs, rather than the diagnoses and symptom severity of PTSD and major depressive disorder, negatively correlated with TL. [43] Conversely, in a study of African American youth, the effect of non-supportive parenting on telomere attrition was fully mediated by the escalation of substance use in young adulthood. [51] Another study reported that crack-cocaine addicted women with ACEs not only had shorter telomeres than their addicted peers without ELS, but also the healthy controls who were elderly women without any ACEs.…”

Section: Telomere Shortening Is Observed In Adults With a History Of mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[40] As the link between child maltreatment history and shorter telomeres in adulthood was first reported by Tyrka et al, [41] other studies continue to support a negative correlation between TL and child maltreatment. [39,[42][43][44][45] Figure 1. Potential mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number.…”

Section: Telomeres Are Affected By Early Life Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

2018

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This manuscript reviews recent evidence supporting the utility of telomeres and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in detecting the biological impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and outlines mechanisms that may mediate the connection between early stress and poor physical and mental health. Critical to interrupting the health sequelae of ACEs such as abuse, neglect, and neighborhood disorder, is the discovery of biomarkers of risk and resilience. The molecular markers of chronic stress exposure, telomere length and mtDNAcn, represent critical biological links between ACEs and poor health outcomes. We examine how telomeres and mtDNAcn may exacerbate health disparities and contribute to the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Finally, we explore how these molecular markers of early stress exposure may help define the role of resilience and develop effective interventions to moderate ACE health risk impact.

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Section: Telomere Shortening Is Observed In Adults With a History Of mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Telomeres Are Affected By Early Life Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

2018

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“…Different functional and structural brain changes have been observed in drug abusers, and these have been reviewed elsewhere (Kalapatapu et al 2011;Nakama et al 2011;Levandowski et al 2016;Sanvicente-Vieira et al 2016). For the purposes of this review, there are important parallels between the impact of substance abuse and ageing on brain processes (Kalapatapu et al 2011).…”

Section: Tl and Substance-use Disorders (26 Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere length in psychiatric disorders: Is it more than an ageing marker?

Monroy-Jaramillo

Dyukova

Walss‐Bass

2017

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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“…Accordingly, one might cautiously presuppose that the present results are related to chronic cocaine use plus the additional burden of alcohol abuse (although alcohol use provided no independent predictive utility), plus the influence of unmeasured factors. Such factors are likely to include variables known to alter neurobehavioral trajectories, e.g., trauma exposure, traumatic brain injury, genotypic variation, and prenatal exposure to abused substances and environmental toxicants [12,16,65-68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of Possible Allostatic Load in Comorbid Cocaine and Alcohol Use Disorder: Brain White Matter Integrity, Telomere Length, and Anti-Saccade Performance

Lane

Tannous

Mwangi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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34 Chronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, 35 resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment.36 The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid 37 cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white 38 matter (WM) integrity, telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM 39 integrity (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial 40 diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by T/S ratio.41 Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also 42 modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and 43 FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R 2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years 44 of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater 45 attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials 46 (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in 47 CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, 48 exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, , 49 older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive 50 of white matter integrity as measured by RD (model R 2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results 51 provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load. 52 Cocaine and Allostasis -3 53 54 Introduction 55Allostasis implies a shift in homeostatic systems in response to acute or chronic 56 stressors (e.g., allostatic load), described by McEwen as "the price the body pays for being 57 forced to adapt to adverse psychosocial or physical situations" [1]. Exposure to extreme or 58 pervasive stressors can result in pathophysiological change. Examination of allostatic load has 59 commonly focused on changes in the regulation of stress hormones and the sequelae of such 60 changes [2,3], but the concept can apply broadly to effects on many homeostatic systems.61 Nearly two decades ago, Koob and colleagues proposed allostatic models of chronic cocaine 62 and alcohol intake based on preclinical work [4-6], but only modest attention has focused on 63 the allostasic framework in studying human substance use disorders (SUD). Here, we focus on 64 the effects of chronic SUD in adults with co-morbid cocaine and alcohol use disorders [7][8][9]. 65Cocaine use disorder (CUD) with co-occurring abuse of other substances, e.g., 66 marijuana and alcohol use disorder (AUD), is the norm rather than the exception [10].67 Individuals who use only cocaine are of putative scientific importance with regard to isolating 68 individual drug effects. However, such investigations are more precisely understood using 69 preclinical models that can isolate dose-respon...

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Crack cocaine addiction, early life stress and accelerated cellular aging among women

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

Telomere length in psychiatric disorders: Is it more than an ageing marker?

Measures of Possible Allostatic Load in Comorbid Cocaine and Alcohol Use Disorder: Brain White Matter Integrity, Telomere Length, and Anti-Saccade Performance

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