Crack detection in reinforced concrete

Moosavi, Robabeh; Grunwald, Marcel; Redmer, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2019.102190

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Planar tomography measurements were performed at High Energy X‐raY lab (HEXY lab) at the Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing in Berlin, Germany (BAM) 10 . The manipulator can be controlled by 13 axes, 9 linear, and 4 rotational axes, which ensures different movement of X‐ray source, object, and detector for 3D investigations (CT and laminography) (Figure 3).…”

Section: Employed X‐ray Planar Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The artifacts result from pores, detachment of the bonding between reinforcement and concrete, or from the high pass filter by fast shift‐average reconstruction algorithm to enhance the edges in the projection data. Therefore, a two‐step approach which is briefly discussed in Reference 10 was developed to trace the cracks and at the same time to reduce detecting the artifacts significantly.…”

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plates had the lateral dimensions 1.5 m × 1.5 m. The cylindrical impactor had a diameter of 100 mm and a weight of 21.66 kg, see for example, Reference 7. To visualize the internal structure of the concrete and to determine the degree of the damage, computed tomography (CT) is known to be useful and is widely used in many areas such as medical imaging 8 and material testing 9,10 . However, the use of CT in inspecting large or flat objects is limited due to the CT principle, in which a 3D volume is reconstructed from individual 2D projections detected uniformly over 360° of an object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To visualize the internal structure of the concrete and to determine the degree of the damage, computed tomography (CT) is known to be useful and is widely used in many areas such as medical imaging 8 and material testing . 9,10 However, the use of CT in inspecting large or flat objects is limited due to the CT principle, in which a 3D volume is reconstructed from individual 2D projections detected uniformly over 360 of an object. But laminography allows to obtain spatial information on objects whose geometrical dimensions disallow measurements with CT, for example, rotor blade or concrete plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planar tomography and numerical analysis for damage characterization of impact loaded RC plates

Nerger

Moosavi

Bracklow

et al. 2020

Civil Engineering Design

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The damage analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) is of high interest for reasons of effective maintenance and structural safety of buildings. The damage structures of RC plates loaded by an impact were investigated, applying X-ray planar tomography and finite element method (FEM). Planar tomography allows getting three-dimensional information of the RC elements and the damage including crack, spalling, and scabbing. The FEM model validated on the tomography data justifies the application for further predictions of the damage description. In this study, we investigated concrete plates of three different thickness subjected to impacts at different low-and medium-velocity, whereby the used impactor had a flat tip, which resulted in small penetrations on the front side and scabbing on the rear side. In order to quantify the damage, the damage volume and its distribution through the plate were computed and the correlations between degree of damage and impact velocity were found out.

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Section: Employed X‐ray Planar Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Planar tomography and numerical analysis for damage characterization of impact loaded RC plates

Nerger

Moosavi

Bracklow

et al. 2020

Civil Engineering Design

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“…For a maintenance plan, an assessment of the RC structure through NDT (Non-Destructive Technique) such as 3D scanning and visual inspection is effective. As for cracks or surface disintegration in concrete due to chemical deterioration, an evaluation of the crack width and depth is necessary; however, the NDTs still have the limitation of application [ 16 , 17 ]. For the evaluation of cracks and large voids inside concrete, GPR (Ground Penetration Radar) is reported to be effective as well [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Life Evaluation for RC Sewer Structure Repaired with Bacteria Mixed Coating: Through Probabilistic and Deterministic Method

et al. 2021

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Since a concrete structure exposed to a sulfate environment is subject to surface ion ingress that yields cracking due to concrete swelling, its service life evaluation with an engineering modeling is very important. In this paper, cementitious repair materials containing bacteria, Rhodobacter capsulatus, and porous spores for immobilization were developed, and the service life of RC (Reinforced Concrete) structures with a developed bacteria-coating was evaluated through deterministic and probabilistic methods. Design parameters such protective coating thickness, diffusion coefficient, surface roughness, and exterior sulfate ion concentration were considered, and the service life was evaluated with the changing mean and coefficient of variation (COV) of each factor. From service life evaluation, more conservative results were evaluated with the probabilistic method than the deterministic method, and as a result of the analysis, coating thickness and surface roughness were derived as key design parameters for ensuring service life. In an environment exposed to an exterior sulfate concentration of 200 ppm, using the deterministic method, the service life was 17.3 years without repair, 19.7 years with normal repair mortar, and 29.6 years with the application of bacteria-coating. Additionally, when the probabilistic method is applied in the same environment, the service life was changed to 9.2–16.0 years, 10.5–18.2 years, and 15.4–27.4 years, respectively, depending on the variation of design parameters. The developed bacteria-coating technique showed a 1.47–1.50 times higher service life than the application of normal repair mortar, and the effect was much improved when it had a low COV of around 0.1.

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Muon Tomography of the Interior of a Reinforced Concrete Block: First Experimental Proof of Concept

et al. 2021

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Quality assurance and condition assessment of concrete structures is an important topic world-wide due to the aging infrastructure and increasing traffic demands. Common topics include, but are not limited to, localisation of rebar or tendon ducts, geometrical irregularities, cracks, voids, honeycombing or other flaws. Non-destructive techniques such as ultrasound or radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features. Until the 1980s X-ray transmission was used in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Novel detectors for cosmic muons and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened up new fields of application, such as the investigation of freight containers. Muon imaging also has the potential to fill some of the gaps currently existing in concrete NDT. As a first step towards practical use and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results are at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. The data acquisition takes more time and signals contain more noise, but the images allowed to detect the same important features that are visible in conventional high energy X-ray tomography. In our experiment, we have shown that muon imaging has potential for concrete inspection. The next steps include the development of mobile detectors and optimising acquisition and imaging parameters.

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Crack detection in reinforced concrete

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Planar tomography and numerical analysis for damage characterization of impact loaded RC plates

Planar tomography and numerical analysis for damage characterization of impact loaded RC plates

Service Life Evaluation for RC Sewer Structure Repaired with Bacteria Mixed Coating: Through Probabilistic and Deterministic Method

Muon Tomography of the Interior of a Reinforced Concrete Block: First Experimental Proof of Concept

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