Crack growth behaviour and crack tip chemistry of X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environment

Cui, Zhongyu; Liu, Z. Y.; Wang, X. Z.; Li, Q.; Du, Cuiwei; Li, X. G.; Zhang, W.

doi:10.1080/1478422x.2015.1110963

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…8b, namely, the effects of the potential on significantly increasing hydrogen content and crack growth rates. Similar observations were obtained in other tests (e.g., [84,85]). At the top of Fig.…”

Section: Compact Tensile Test In a Hydrogenous Environmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Phase-field modeling of near-neutral pH stress corrosion crack initiation life in underground pipelines

Martínez

Tesfamariam

2022

Preprint

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A unified phase-field theory is introduced to describe crack initiation and early crack growth due to pitting corrosion of pipelines in contact with near-neutral pH groundwater. The model incorporates a formulation that accounts for stochastic corrosion-induced crack nucleation events at pit sites. This approach supplies a modeling framework to handle the combined effects of electrochemical transformation of the original metal, hydrogen diffusion and resulting embrittlement of the original metal, and mechanical stresses. This is a robust computational approach to tracking the evolving metalelectrolyte interface and embrittlement regions. It was confirmed that dissolved hydrogen into the material promotes crack initiation over a wide potential range and that pitting corrosion, as a precursor of stress corrosion cracking, has a recognizable influence on strength over time. It is expected that this work provides the ground for modeling the pit-to-crack transition required to effectively control very slow crack-in-colonies in pipelines.

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Section: Compact Tensile Test In a Hydrogenous Environmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Phase-field modeling of near-neutral pH stress corrosion crack initiation life in underground pipelines

Martínez

Tesfamariam

2022

Preprint

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“…21 This agrees with a study on CF of X70 pipeline steel in an electrolyte of near neutral pH containing CaCl 2 , KCl, MgSO 4 , and NaHCO 3 where in situ measurements established a pH of~4 within the crack. 49 Smith et al 13 also showed that the pH within a crack for 4340 steel immersed in 0.6 M NaCl with a bulk pH of 5.6 consistently remained between 3.5 and 3.9.…”

Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and electrochemical conditions within stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks

Bland

Locke

2017

npj Mater Degrad

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In the area of environment assisted cracking, literature aimed at understanding the chemical and electrochemical conditions at/ near the crack tip establishes that the crack tip is occluded and not well represented by bulk conditions. A review of the relevant literature, both modeling and experimental, is presented here and shows that crack tip conditions are determined by the balance between high metal ion concentrations resulting from crack tip anodic reactions and subsequent hydrolysis, mass transport (including ion migration, diffusion, and advection), and electrochemical polarization of the bold surface, which determines the extent of anodic and cathodic reactions occurring in the crack environment. Under both freely corroding conditions and anodic polarizations, the crack tip pH decreases with increasing polarization above the freely corroding condition, most often leading to a very acidic crack environment. Under sufficient cathodic polarization, the crack tip pH increases. Because of high-anion and -cation concentrations in the crack environment, an IR drop down the crack exists, leaving the crack tip relatively unpolarizable. Ion migration enhances the occluded nature of the crack tip by supplying anions from the bulk solution to maintain electroneutrality at the crack tip. Diffusion to counteract this concentration gradient is minimal and only plays a role in crack tip conditions at very small crack lengths. When cyclic loading conditions are encountered, the occluded nature of the crack tip can be counteracted by advection; although, the role decreases with decreasing f and increasing R, essentially as corrosion fatigue conditions approach those of stress corrosion cracking.npj Materials Degradation (2017) 1:12 ; doi:10.1038/s41529-017-0015-0 INTRODUCTION Structural alloys must withstand both demanding mechanical loads and corrosive environmental conditions when utilized in many applications. Consequently, these materials can be susceptible to premature failure by environment assisted cracking (EAC) when the loading and environmental conditions are sufficiently aggressive. The influence of EAC on the performance and life of structural alloys can be seen in many applications such as oil and gas, nuclear power, nuclear waste storage, and aerospace. For example, several reviews of aircraft structural failures and teardown inspections concluded that fatigue and corrosion dominate aerospace component failures 1, 2 with 78% of the corrosion damage sites identified during teardown having initiated fatigue cracks.2 In addition, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Committee (NRC) released a report in 2014 concluding that one of two top priority needs is understanding stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of spent nuclear fuel storage canisters.

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“…Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has become a common problem for most underground gas pipelines (Newman and Procter, 1990; Alimov et al , 2015; Cheng, 2013; Gamboa, 2015; Pouraziz et al , 2020), which caused gas pipeline accidents recorded in the USA, Canada, Russia, Australia and Iran (The World Factbook, 2021; Alimov et al , 2015; Cheng, 2013; Lavigne et al , 2018; SadeghiMeresht et al , 2011). In the Russian territory, SCC of gas pipelines is usually observed in soil environments with a pH value close to neutral (Shirband et al , 2015; Li et al , 2008; Ryakhovskikh et al , 2018; Fang et al , 2007; Cui et al , 2016). The factor accompanying the early formation of SCC defects after 10–12 years (Tyzack, 1971; Connolly et al , 2006; Ryakhovskikh and Bogdanov, 2021; Zhao et al , 2017) of gas pipeline operation is their insulation using polyethylene tapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe operation of gas pipelines based on the control of stress corrosion cracking

Ryakhovskikh¹,

Kashkovskiy²,

Kaverin³

et al. 2021

IJSI

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PurposeThe paper is devoted to the phenomenon of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which is an urgent problem for major operator companies that use large-diameter gas transport systems built in the second half of the last century. The aim of the study is to predict the operability of gas pipelines with SCC and ensure their safe operation.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of the article mainly consisted of strength calculations, mathematical and analytical approaches.FindingsThe paper describes practical methods of assessing the residual service life and operability of pipes with SCC defects as part of gas pipelines, the developed approaches to assessing the point of failure of pipes, provides recommendations for developing requirements to ILI smart tools in order to detect cracks and the methods of pipe repair depending on the SCC defect parameters.Originality/valueThe originality of the study consists in the analytical description of the point of destruction of gas pipelines with SCC, assessment of their performance, as well as the definition of modern requirements for the accuracy of in-line inspection to ensure the detection of potentially dangerous SCC defects.

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Crack growth behaviour and crack tip chemistry of X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environment

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Phase-field modeling of near-neutral pH stress corrosion crack initiation life in underground pipelines

Phase-field modeling of near-neutral pH stress corrosion crack initiation life in underground pipelines

Chemical and electrochemical conditions within stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks

Safe operation of gas pipelines based on the control of stress corrosion cracking

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