Cracked titanium film on an elastomeric substrate for highly flexible, transparent, and low-power strain sensors

Noh, Jin−Seo

doi:10.1186/1556-276x-8-441

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The high sensitivity of the a-C/PDMS sensor originates from the crack-based electrical conduction mechanism on a 2D level. 12,32 In this study, the piezoresistive performance was modulated by controlling the distribution of cracks and scales in-plane by varying the a-C film deposition time. As shown in Figure 4, the series of a-C films with different thicknesses exhibited different strains and thus various morphologies on the PDMS surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Compressive Stress Enabled 2D-to-3D Junction Transformation in Amorphous Carbon Films for Stretchable Strain Sensors

Guo

Tong

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Usually, two-dimensional (2D) flexible strain sensors based on cracks have very high sensitivities but small measuring ranges, while the three-dimensional (3D) ones behave in the opposite way. Here, by utilizing the large residual compressive stress of an amorphous carbon (a-C) film and the flexibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), we developed a facile and economic strategy to fabricate a high-sensitive a-C/PDMS stretchable strain sensor. Results showed that for the first time, the a-C film ranging from 25 nm to 1 μm changed the shape and orientation of conductive scales, as well as made a one-step 2D-to-3D electrical junction transformation in integrated sensors. In particular, the sensor with a 1 μm thick a-C film exhibited the best comprehensive performance, displaying a maximum gauge factor of 746.7 and strain range up to 0.5. However, the linearity decreased slightly as the strain range went beyond 0.43. Additionally, the sensor showed a satisfactory repeatability for 5000 cycles, together with excellent time and temperature drift performances at zero position of 75 ppm full scale (FS) and 25 ppm FS•°C −1 in the range of −20 to 155 °C, respectively. The sensor has large potentials for wearable devices used in the monitoring of various human motions and physiological signals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Compressive Stress Enabled 2D-to-3D Junction Transformation in Amorphous Carbon Films for Stretchable Strain Sensors

Guo

Tong

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…For example, conventional metallic strain gauge for the small strain sensing has a small GF (usually only about 2.0), [ 1,12 ] and researchers have developed semiconductor strain gauges with higher GF values (more than 100) since 1957, [ 13,14 ] which can significantly increase the magnitude of the output signal and improve the measurement accuracy. In the investigation of stretchable strain sensors, which is a hot topic recently, the record of the GF has been updated rapidly to as high as 10 7 [ 1,3,5,15–49 ] ( Figure ) with the continuing efforts of the scientists. However, is the conclusion, that the GF is the bigger the better, correct for the ultrastretchable strain sensors?…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Overlarge Gauge Factor Yields a Large Measuring Error for Resistive‐Type Stretchable Strain Sensors

Liu

Wang³

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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Stretchable strain sensors have recently attracted great attention due to their extensive applications in advanced devices. Plenty of work has been devoted to enlarging the gauge factor (GF) (reaching as high as 107), since the conventional wisdom holds that a high GF indicates a low limit of detection and a high resolution of a sensor. Here, the effects of the GF on the measurement accuracy is investigated for resistive‐type strain sensors, via the basic approach based on Ohm's law and the commonly used method of Wheatstone bridge, respectively. It is found that a bigger GF is not always better for improvement of the measurement accuracy, which is contrary to conventional wisdom. Overlarge gauge factor yields a large measuring error for resistive‐type stretchable strain sensors (reaching the measuring error of 50% for GF = 5 × 104 under a typical measurement condition). This finding is of much significance for providing theoretical guidance for the sensor design and avoid more efforts on overlarge GF.

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“…As another approach for realizing stretchable strain sensors, some research groups have used cracked metal film structures on an elastomeric substrate. Noh formed microcracks and buckle structures in titanium (Ti) films sputtered on PDMS by mechanical stretching [ 86 ], and Lacour et al induced tri-branched microcracks in Au films electron-beam-evaporated on PDMS [ 87 ]. Although these strain sensors were easily fabricated and presented strain-dependent resistance change, the repeatability of resistance signals needs to be further guaranteed.…”

Section: Stretchable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Elastomers for Stretchable Electronics, Sensors and Energy Harvesters

Noh

2016

Polymers

Self Cite

106

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There have been a wide variety of efforts to develop conductive elastomers that satisfy both mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity, as a response to growing demands on stretchable and wearable devices. This article reviews the important progress in conductive elastomers made in three application fields of stretchable technology: stretchable electronics, stretchable sensors, and stretchable energy harvesters. Diverse combinations of insulating elastomers and non-stretchable conductive materials have been studied to realize optimal conductive elastomers. It is noted that similar material combinations and similar structures have often been employed in different fields of application. In terms of stretchability, cyclic operation, and overall performance, fields such as stretchable conductors and stretchable strain/pressure sensors have achieved great advancement, whereas other fields like stretchable memories and stretchable thermoelectric energy harvesting are in their infancy. It is worth mentioning that there are still obstacles to overcome for the further progress of stretchable technology in the respective fields, which include the simplification of material combination and device structure, securement of reproducibility and reliability, and the establishment of easy fabrication techniques. Through this review article, both the progress and obstacles associated with the respective stretchable technologies will be understood more clearly.

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Cracked titanium film on an elastomeric substrate for highly flexible, transparent, and low-power strain sensors

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Residual Compressive Stress Enabled 2D-to-3D Junction Transformation in Amorphous Carbon Films for Stretchable Strain Sensors

Residual Compressive Stress Enabled 2D-to-3D Junction Transformation in Amorphous Carbon Films for Stretchable Strain Sensors

Overlarge Gauge Factor Yields a Large Measuring Error for Resistive‐Type Stretchable Strain Sensors

Conductive Elastomers for Stretchable Electronics, Sensors and Energy Harvesters

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