Cracking Energy Density as a Predictor of Fatigue Life under Multiaxial Conditions

Mars, W. V.

doi:10.5254/1.3547670

Cited by 116 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…Some authors proposed the use of maximum principal stretch (λmax) [13,14], maximum principal Cauchy stress (tmax) [15] or strain energy density (W) [16,17] as predictors of rubber fatigue. More recently, several sophisticated multi-axial fatigue life predictors, based on critical plane-based approaches, have been developed for rubbers [18,19]. However, predictions of the fatigue properties of elastomeric materials and components are still imperfect because of their complex mechanical behaviour, especially for emerging smart materials like MREs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of particle content on the equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers

Zhou¹,

Jerrams²,

Betts³

et al. 2015

Materials & Design

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The equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of silicone based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with various volume fractions of carbonyl iron particles ranging between 15% and 35% was studied. Wöhler curves for each material were derived by cycling test samples to failure over a range of stress amplitudes. Changes in complex modulus (E*) and dynamic stored energy during the fatigue process were observed. As for other elastic solids, fatigue resistance of MREs with different particle contents was shown to be dependent on the stress amplitudes applied. MREs with low particle content showed the highest fatigue life at high stress amplitudes while MREs with high particle content exhibited the highest fatigue resistance at low stress amplitudes. E* fell with the accumulation of cycles for each material, but the change was dependent on the particle content and stress amplitude applied. However, each material failed in a range suggesting a limiting value of E* for the material between 1.22 MPa and 1.38 MPa regardless of the particle content and the magnitude of the stress amplitude. In keeping with results from previous testing, it was shown that dynamic stored energy can be used to predict the fatigue life of MREs having a wide variation in particle content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of particle content on the equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers

Zhou¹,

Jerrams²,

Betts³

et al. 2015

Materials & Design

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show abstract

“…The main idea in the latter approaches is that the forces driving failure are evaluated for each possible failure plane of the material, in order to identify the plane on which the most damaging forces occur. [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] Concerning the limitations of the energy limiters approach, we should mention that more experimental data are needed for the general validation and possible revision of the theory. Such revisions might be necessary for dynamic problems, fatigue, cases in which a significant amount of energy can be stored in ways that do not contribute to crack growth, and so forth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Energy Limiters Approach to Modeling Failure of Rubber

Volokh

2013

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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Nonlinear theories of elasticity describe rubber deformation but not failure; however, in reality, rubbers do fail. In the present work, we review a new approach of energy limiters that allows for unifying hyperelasticity theories with failure descriptions, and we discuss results of this unification. First, we introduce the energy limiter concept, which allows the enforcement of failure descriptions in elasticity theories. The limiter provides the saturation value for the strain energy, hence indicating the maximal energy that may be stored and dissipated by an infinitesimal material volume. The limiter is a material constant that can be calibrated via macroscopic experiments. Second, we illustrate the new approach with examples in which failure initiation is predicted but its propagation is not tracked. Examples include the problems of crack initiation, cavity instability, and rupture of inflating membranes. In addition, the traditional strength-of-materials criteria are reassessed. Third, the theory is used for three-dimensional explicit finite element simulations of a high-velocity penetration of a stiff elastic body into a rubber plate. These simulations show that a high-velocity penetration of a flat projectile leads to a diffused nonlocal failure, which does not trigger the mesh sensitivity. To the contrary, a low-velocity penetration of a sharp projectile leads to a highly localized cracklike failure, which does trigger the mesh sensitivity. Calculation of the characteristic length of failure localization allows for setting the mesh size that provides regularization of the simulations. The fact that the calculation is based on results of solely macroscopic experiments is noteworthy.

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“…It provides a basis for determination of the growth rate of fatigue crack in rubber. Furthermore, Mars [12] carried out the cyclic and combined tension/torsion fatigue experiment of rubber, and compared the experimental results with the cracking energy density. It is found that the cracking energy density can be used to predict the effect of the complex strain history on fatigue life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear finite element analysis of crack growth at the interface of rubber-like bimaterials

Yang

Wang

et al. 2011

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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This paper presents the characteristics of the crack growth at the interface of rubber-rubber and rubber-steel bimaterials under tensile deformation using the non-linear finite element method. By using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, the J integral calculations are carried out for the initial interface crack in the interfaces in-between two Neo-Hookean materials, two Mooney-Rivlin materials, Neo-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin rubbers, Neo-Hookean and Polynomial, Mooney-Rivlin and Polynomial, and the Mooney-Rivlin and steel bi-materials. The computational results of the maximum J integral direction around the crack tip illustrate the possible direction of crack growth initiation. Furthermore, it is found that the crack bends to the softer rubber material at a certain angle with the initial crack direction if the crack depth is relatively small. For the crack with a larger depth, the crack propagates to grow along the interface in-between the bimaterials. rubber-like materials, bimaterials, interface crack, J integral, crack growth, non-linear finite element method PACS: 02.60.TH, 07.05.Tp, 62.20.Mk

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Cracking Energy Density as a Predictor of Fatigue Life under Multiaxial Conditions

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of particle content on the equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers

The influence of particle content on the equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers

Review of the Energy Limiters Approach to Modeling Failure of Rubber

Nonlinear finite element analysis of crack growth at the interface of rubber-like bimaterials

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