“…Each unit was focused on a multi-stage, complex, realistic case that asked students to make specific decisions and to craft documents within messy problem spaces. This case-based approach has been shown to help students develop teamwork skills (Thondhlana & Smith, 2013) and audience awareness (Robles & Baker, 2019). While technical communication scholarship has identified numerous benefits of online service-learning projects, including increasing students' self-accountability and engagement (Nielsen, 2016), the speed and structure of the adapted-TBL units largely precluded working with real community partners.…”