Crackling noise during failure of alumina under compression: the effect of porosity

Castillo-Villa, Pedro O.; Ardanuy, Jordi; Planes, Antoni; Salje, Ekhard K. H.; Sellappan, Pathikumar; Kriven, Waltraud M.; Vives, Eduard

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/25/29/292202

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The statistical properties of the local microcrack events show qualitative agreement with those inferred from acoustic emissions generated under compression in laboratory tests, notably the power-law scaling of the PDFs of rupture area, duration, energy, and waiting time and powerlaw scaling between rupture energy and duration with respect to source size [6][7][8]24,25]. In recent laboratory experiments on porous rocks and on synthetic samples with well controlled porosity, Φ power-law distribution of the energy of acoustic events was found with an exponent that increases with Φ from 1.6 to 2.0 [7,8]. Our simulations have good qualitative agreement with the time evolution of rupture [7,8] and quantitative agreement with the energy exponent [8].…”

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confidence: 62%

“…In recent laboratory experiments on porous rocks and on synthetic samples with well controlled porosity, Φ power-law distribution of the energy of acoustic events was found with an exponent that increases with Φ from 1.6 to 2.0 [7,8]. Our simulations have good qualitative agreement with the time evolution of rupture [7,8] and quantitative agreement with the energy exponent [8]. Our simulations also revealed microscopic details of the rupture process, including the temporal evolution of spatial correlations in rupture location that controls the emergence of localized damage at a resolution not readily accessible by experimental means, with potential implications for developing predictive models for catastrophic failure in porous granular media.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…As failure is approached, temporal correlation of events emerges accompanied by spatial clustering. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.065501 PACS numbers: 61.43.Gt, 46.50.+a, 89.75.Da, 91.60.Ba Understanding the processes that lead to catastrophic failure of porous granular media is an important problem in a wide variety of applications, notably in Earth science and engineering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Such failure is often preceded by detectable changes in mechanical properties (stress and strain) and in geophysical signals (elastic wave velocity, electrical conductivity, and acoustic emissions) measured remotely at the sample boundary [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rupture Cascades in a Discrete Element Model of a Porous Sedimentary Rock

et al. 2014

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We investigate the scaling properties of the sources of crackling noise in a fully dynamic numerical model of sedimentary rocks subject to uniaxial compression. The model is initiated by filling a cylindrical container with randomly sized spherical particles that are then connected by breakable beams. Loading at a constant strain rate the cohesive elements fail, and the resulting stress transfer produces sudden bursts of correlated failures, directly analogous to the sources of acoustic emissions in real experiments. The source size, energy, and duration can all be quantified for an individual event, and the population can be analyzed for its scaling properties, including the distribution of waiting times between consecutive events. Despite the nonstationary loading, the results are all characterized by power-law distributions over a broad range of scales in agreement with experiments. As failure is approached, temporal correlation of events emerges accompanied by spatial clustering. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.065501 PACS numbers: 61.43.Gt, 46.50.+a, 89.75.Da, 91.60.Ba Understanding the processes that lead to catastrophic failure of porous granular media is an important problem in a wide variety of applications, notably in Earth science and engineering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Such failure is often preceded by detectable changes in mechanical properties (stress and strain) and in geophysical signals (elastic wave velocity, electrical conductivity, and acoustic emissions) measured remotely at the sample boundary [9]. In particular, acoustic emissions result from sources of internal damage due to sudden local dislocations in the form of tensile or shear microcracks whose origin time, location, orientation, duration, and magnitude can all be inferred from the radiated wave train [10]. Typically, only a very small proportion of the microcracks revealed by destructive thin sectioning after the test result in detectable acoustic emissions [11]. As a consequence, experimental data provide only limited insight into the complexity of the microscopic processes at work prior to failure, notably the probability distributions of the relevant parameters, their scaling properties, and their population dynamics.Theoretical approaches to the dynamics and statistics of rupture cascades have typically been based on stochastic fracture models comprising lattices of springs [12], beams [13,14], fuses [15,16], or fibers [17][18][19]. However, such lattice models involve a strong simplification of the material microstructure and the inhomogeneous stress field. For example, macroscopic laws of damage for cohesive elements are often implemented at the mesoscopic scale on a regular two-dimensional grid, avoiding the truly threedimensional microstructure of real porous media, and often using power-law rheology as an input. Here, we adopt a discrete element modeling (DEM) approach that relaxes all of these restrictions and allows a realistic investigation of the emergent properties of the dynamics, including the temporal and spatial...

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confidence: 62%

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confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

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Rupture Cascades in a Discrete Element Model of a Porous Sedimentary Rock

et al. 2014

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“…Experimentally, it has been shown that the avalanches stem from sudden changes of the internal strain field (displacement discontinuities), which usually lead to shrinking of the sample and can be detected by measuring the acoustic emission (AE) originating from contraction. Avalanche behavior has been observed previously in porous Vycor glass [10], natural goethite [11], porous alumina [12], and berlinite [13]. Their statistical characteristics share many similarities with seismicity such as the Earth crust failure due to stresses originated from plate tectonics [14,15].…”

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confidence: 68%

Avalanches in compressed porousSiO2-based materials

et al. 2014

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The failure dynamics in SiO 2 -based porous materials under compression, namely the synthetic glass Gelsil and three natural sandstones, has been studied for slowly increasing compressive uniaxial stress with rates between 0.2 and 2.8 kPa/s. The measured collapsed dynamics is similar to Vycor, which is another synthetic porous SiO 2 glass similar to Gelsil but with a different porous mesostructure. Compression occurs by jerks of strain release and a major collapse at the failure point. The acoustic emission and shrinking of the samples during jerks are measured and analyzed. The energy of acoustic emission events, its duration, and waiting times between events show that the failure process follows avalanche criticality with power law statistics over ca. 4 decades with a power law exponent ε 1.4 for the energy distribution. This exponent is consistent with the mean-field value for the collapse of granular media. Besides the absence of length, energy, and time scales, we demonstrate the existence of aftershock correlations during the failure process.

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“…[11,12] we investigated the dynamics of emergence and statistics of such crackling noise during the strain-controlled uniaxial compression of cylindrical samples composed of 20000 particles. The modeling approach proved to be successful in reproducing several important observed features of crackling noise in porous materials [1][2][3]6,7,26]. Figure 1 demonstrates the breaking sequence of a single simulation of a system of 20000 particles where 1832 events are obtained up to macroscopic failure in comparison with data from a real experiment [27].…”

Section: Record-breaking Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Record-breaking events during the compressive failure of porous materials

et al. 2016

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An accurate understanding of the interplay between random and deterministic processes in generating extreme events is of critical importance in many fields, from forecasting extreme meteorological events to the catastrophic failure of materials and in the Earth. Here we investigate the statistics of record-breaking events in the time series of crackling noise generated by local rupture events during the compressive failure of porous materials. The events are generated by computer simulations of the uniaxial compression of cylindrical samples in a discrete element model of sedimentary rocks that closely resemble those of real experiments. The number of records grows initially as a decelerating power law of the number of events, followed by an acceleration immediately prior to failure. The distribution of the size and lifetime of records are power laws with relatively low exponents. We demonstrate the existence of a characteristic record rank k * , which separates the two regimes of the time evolution. Up to this rank deceleration occurs due to the effect of random disorder. Record breaking then accelerates towards macroscopic failure, when physical interactions leading to spatial and temporal correlations dominate the location and timing of local ruptures. The size distribution of records of different ranks has a universal form independent of the record rank. Subsequences of events that occur between consecutive records are characterized by a power-law size distribution, with an exponent which decreases as failure is approached. High-rank records are preceded by smaller events of increasing size and waiting time between consecutive events and they are followed by a relaxation process. As a reference, surrogate time series are generated by reshuffling the event times. The record statistics of the uncorrelated surrogates agrees very well with the corresponding predictions of independent identically distributed random variables, which confirms that temporal and spatial correlation in the crackling noise is responsible for the observed unique behavior. In principle the results could be used to improve forecasting of catastrophic failure events, if they can be observed reliably in real time.

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Crackling noise during failure of alumina under compression: the effect of porosity

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Rupture Cascades in a Discrete Element Model of a Porous Sedimentary Rock

Rupture Cascades in a Discrete Element Model of a Porous Sedimentary Rock

Avalanches in compressed porousSiO2-based materials

Record-breaking events during the compressive failure of porous materials

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