Cradle to Cradle in Product Development: A Case Study of Closed-Loop Design

Pauw, Ingrid de; Karana, Elvin; Kandachar, Prabhu

doi:10.1007/978-981-4451-48-2_8

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Cradle to Cradle design philosophy, propagated by McDonough and Braungart [38] has inspired many companies and designers to apply an ambitious circular approach to product design [5,19]. With the introduction of design strategies aimed at circular flows of materials, a more detailed understanding of the concept of recycling has been propagated.…”

Section: Design Strategies For Closing Resource Loopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy

Bocken

Pauw²,

Bakker

et al. 2016

Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering

Self Cite

1,951

1,710

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The transition within business from a linear to a circular economy brings with it a range of practical challenges for companies. The following question is addressed: What are the product design and business model strategies for companies that want to move to a circular economy model? This paper develops a framework of strategies to guide designers and business strategists in the move from a linear to a circular economy. Building on Stahel, the terminology of slowing, closing, and narrowing resource loops is introduced. A list of product design strategies, business model strategies, and examples for key decision-makers in businesses is introduced, to facilitate the move to a circular economy. This framework also opens up a future research agenda for the circular economy.

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Section: Design Strategies For Closing Resource Loopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy

Bocken

Pauw²,

Bakker

et al. 2016

Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering

Self Cite

1,951

1,710

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concept of C2C aims at minimizing environmental damage of products through more sustainable production processes, distribution and disposal practices, and socially responsible products (Visser, ). Sometimes C2C is also referred to as a closed‐loop supply chain, where the end of life of a product leads to the recycling process (De Pauw, Karana, & Kandachar, ). After recycling, materials are reused for the same purpose or to produce different products (Huang, Bird, & Heidrich, ).…”

Section: Current Definitions Of Circular Economic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The circular economy and circular economic concepts—a literature analysis and redefinition

Geisendorf

Pietrulla

2017

Thunderbird Intl Bus Rev

322

131

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This article proposes a revised definition of the circular economy after having analyzed and compared the most prominent related concepts. Based on an analysis of academic literature, defining characteristics of different concepts are identified to structure the field of research. The comparison of concepts serves as a basis for the synthesis: a revised definition of the circular economy. While most concepts overlap, they emphasize different issues. Our classification helps to distinguish how concepts are situated in dimensions such as industry/service oriented, efficiency/zero waste target, or micro/macro scope. The revised definition distinguishes between core characteristics of a circular economy and framing conditions enabling its implementation. It has the potential to support both researchers and practitioners to develop clearer guidelines for the path to a circular economy.

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“…Moreover, the ability of the C2C certification program to assess the eco‐effectiveness of a design strategy has been questioned because of its main focus on the implementation of the C2C strategy within an organization and support for communication and marketing of products that have already been developed (de Pauw et al. ).…”

Section: Case Studies Of Combined Eco‐efficiency/life Cycle Assessmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Eco‐Efficiency and Eco‐Effectiveness for Continuous Loop Beverage Packaging Systems: Lessons from the Carlsberg Circular Community

Niero

Hauschild

Hoffmeyer

et al. 2017

J of Industrial Ecology

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Summary Eco‐efficiency (i.e., increasing value while reducing resource use and pollution) can with advantage be combined with eco‐effectiveness (i.e., maximizing the benefits to ecological and economical systems) to address the challenges posed by the circular economy in the design of circular industrial systems. We present a framework combining life cycle assessment (LCA) and the Cradle to Cradle® (C2C) certification program for the development of continuous loop packaging systems, which was conceived for aluminum cans in the context of the Carlsberg Circular Community. As a first step, the environmentally optimal beverage packaging life cycle scenario is identified, both in terms of defined use and reuse. Second, the limiting factors are identified for the continuous use of materials in multiple loops, meeting the two requirements in the C2C certification process that address the material level (i.e., “material health” and “material reutilization” criteria) and the “renewable energy” criterion. Then, alternative scenarios are built to meet C2C certification criteria, and LCA is used to quantify the environmental impacts of the resulting improvement strategies, for example, change in material composition, in order to guide the identification of the optimal scenario from an eco‐efficiency point of view. Finally, the business perspective is addressed by assessing the potential for a green value network business model for a closed‐loop supply. The outcome is a list of prioritized actions needed to implement the most efficient and effective “upcycling” strategy for the beverage packaging, both from an environmental and an economic point of view. In the case of the aluminum cans, the main recommendation from both the LCA and C2C perspective is to ensure a system that enables can‐to‐can recycling.

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Cradle to Cradle in Product Development: A Case Study of Closed-Loop Design

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy

Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy

The circular economy and circular economic concepts—a literature analysis and redefinition

Combining Eco‐Efficiency and Eco‐Effectiveness for Continuous Loop Beverage Packaging Systems: Lessons from the Carlsberg Circular Community

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