Cradle-to-gate sustainable target value design: integrating life cycle assessment and construction management for buildings

Russell-Smith, Sarah V.; Lepech, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.044

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…(i) Steel plates reinforcement (SE and SA) and increasing reinforced concrete section (RC) techniques As already exposed, to obtain the area of the strengthening piece, firstly, x must be calculated from equation (5). The coefficients a1, a2, a3 and a4, for FM 2, FM3 and FM4 can be obtained by substituting known values in equations below.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the convenience of applying this methodology to buildings, abundant research has been produced in recent years (among others [1,4,5]). Most of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies regarding buildings focus on energy refurbishment, whereas the environmental impact of building systems reparations, such as that of structures, remains studied to a lesser extent [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simplified structural design and LCA of reinforced concrete beams strengthening techniques

Palacios-Munoz

Gracia

Zabalza-Bribián

et al. 2018

Engineering Structures

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This work provides the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of four commonly used strengthening techniques of reinforced concrete beams. Firstly, it provides a simplified methodology to size the strengthening, overcoming the need of extensive knowledge in structures. Secondly, it provides the application of LCA to the selected techniques. The method improves the applicability of LCA to buildings, analyzes the environmental differences between techniques, and reveals the importance of the anchoring method as well as the enormous benefit in reusing building structures. Results obtained for conventional beams are displayed in tables ready to use in LCAs with broader boundary systems. NOMENCLATURE Variables and units:Latin upper-case letters ∆C: increase of the bending capacity Ar: Area of the added strengthening piece M0: Original beam bending capacity MT: Required bending moment N p c: Axial force in concrete considering a parabolic distribution M p c: Bending moment in concrete considering a parabolic distribution N r c: Axial force in concrete considering a rectangular distribution M r c: Bending moment in concrete considering a rectangular distribution MJ-Eq: MJ of non-renewable primary energy Er: Young modulus of the new strengthening material (steel or CFRP) Es: Young modulus of the existing rebars steel L: Length of the beam LT: Total length of the reinforcement Ls: Length of the part of the beam with insufficient bearing capacity La: Anchorage length Vrd,anch: Design shear stress of the anchorage Tsd: Required shear stress Greek lower-case letters εc max : Maximum strain in concrete εs1: Strain in the tensile rebar εs2 : Strain in the compression rebar εr: Strain in the strengthening material Latin lower-case letters b: overall width of a beam cross-section d: distance between the most compressed concrete fiber and the most tensioned rebar d': rebar cover fdr: yielding stress of the new strengthening material (steel or CFRP) fcd: design value of concrete compressive strength f yd: yielding stress of the existing rebars steel h: overall depth of a beam cross-section h/b: relation between depth and width of a cross-section beam kgCO2-eq: kilograms of CO2 equivalent s1: Tensile rebars s2: Compressive rebars x: neutral axis depth z: distance between the most compressed concrete fiber and the reinforcement axis position Acronyms:

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Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified structural design and LCA of reinforced concrete beams strengthening techniques

Palacios-Munoz

Gracia

Zabalza-Bribián

et al. 2018

Engineering Structures

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“…Russell-Smith and Lepech [81] also applied the methodology of environmental and economic assessments within a product's lifecycle. Similarly to our work, these authors say that applying an assessment method that considers a product's lifecycle is a suitable tool for selecting and assessing different variants in terms of possible future time and cost saving, and environmental impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Houses Based on Wood as an Ecological and Sustainable Housing Alternative—Case Study

Švajlenka

Kozlovská

2018

Sustainability

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Sustainability of cities is currently a much-debated topic. The trend in Central Europe we witness nowadays is that people are going back from the impersonal and restrictive conditions of tower blocks to the more natural and relaxed conditions of family houses. New approaches to urbanization in the context of the sustainability of cities can be characterized by their use of innovative technologies and energetically efficient and ecologically acceptable construction materials. Companies have substantially responded to this trend, meeting the demand by offering a wide range of solutions. Alongside the traditional and long-established construction materials (brick, concrete), including wood, companies are introducing modern, innovative, and viable construction alternatives. Modern methods of construction (MMC), to which modern houses based on wood belong, promote the idea and application of environmentally and energetically efficient constructions. Just as the construction process itself significantly contributes to the depletion of natural resources, the production of construction materials contributes to significant environmental pollution and greenhouse emissions (particularly CO 2 ). Sustainability assessments of construction projects increasingly involve the use of methodologies which assess sustainability criteria throughout a product's Life-cycle. For our analysis of suburban housing clusters designed to serve as family houses, we chose an actual family house construction completed using a modern construction system based on wood. For the sake of comparing the modern construction method, we created an alternative model of a construction based on a traditional masonry construction system. The main objective of this contribution is to analyze selected variants of constructions in terms of environmental and economic sustainability characteristics, as part of a broader assessment of permanent sustainability, by applying the life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost (LCC) methodologies within specified assessment boundaries. A partial objective of this contribution is to point towards the ways of applying the LCA and LCC assessment methodologies, such as in the decision-making processes involved in alternative investment strategies for the construction of urban clusters in the context of sustainability.

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“…Such methods include: cee-QUAL, BREEAM, LEED, NABERS, BEPAC, HQE, CASBEE, SBTool, LiderA, among others (Todd et al 2001;Medineckiene et al 2015). Sustainable solutions are more appropriate when implemented in the design phase (Russell-Smith, Lepech 2015;Ochoa, Capeluto 2015). Table 1 addresses the common contents of the methods BREEAM, HQE, LEED, LiderA and SBToolPT, which are transversal in terms of energy saving (Ferreira et al 2014;Østergård et al 2016), ozone layer protection and resources reutilization (Lewis et al 2015).…”

Section: Sustainable Technical Solutions In Old Building Retrofittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A system for the management of old building retrofit projects in historical centres: the case of Portugal

Oliveira

Lopes

Sousa

et al. 2017

International Journal of Strategic Property Management

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ABSTRACT. The retrofitting works in old buildings require appropriate knowledge of the vernacular techniques. Previous researches have identified retrofitting works as more intrusive and using more unnecessary demolition materials than real needs. This study constitutes a new framework that focuses on the project management success of old building retrofitting in historical centres by developing a methodological system for this purpose. It uses a construction sector system approach, reviews legal requirements, framework specifications, recommendation practices and sustainable measures adapted to old building projects. It presents 50 parameters adapted to these works' specificities that could be used by construction market stakeholders. The research uses a case study methodology divided in two parts. The first one involves the review of building retrofitting projects in historical centres, complemented by a questionnaire in the second part. The results of the projects review have shown little concern with the underlying sustainability aspects of retrofitting works in all project designs analysed. However, the questionnaire results have revealed a high interest and applicability of all parameters omitted in the project designs data. The study describes a useful management system in a toolkit format which might contribute to reduce uncertainty in the management of retrofitting projects in historical centres.

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Cradle-to-gate sustainable target value design: integrating life cycle assessment and construction management for buildings

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Simplified structural design and LCA of reinforced concrete beams strengthening techniques

Simplified structural design and LCA of reinforced concrete beams strengthening techniques

Houses Based on Wood as an Ecological and Sustainable Housing Alternative—Case Study

A system for the management of old building retrofit projects in historical centres: the case of Portugal

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