Crafting Courts in New Democracies: Beyond Brazil and Mexico

Ingram, Matthew C.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781316338230.010

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Ingram and Marchesini da Costa (2017) offer an analysis of homicide across Brazil's municipalities using this approach, and Harbers and Ingram (2017) provide comprehensive guidance for using GWR to inform case selection in mixedmethods research designs. 22 Spatiotemporal models examine whether a spatial lag has a meaningful effect over time, offering spatial variants of the increasingly popular time-series crosssectional analyses in research on subnational politics (Harbers, 2014;Giraudy, 2010;Ingram, 2013Ingram, , 2016. A wide range of spatial panel or "space-time" models are available (e.g., Darmofal, 2015, chap.…”

Section: Spatial Regressions and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In making our plea for a "spatial turn" in subnational research, we recognize that we are guilty ourselves of the sins we are exposing, namely, of practicing the "dark art" of treating subnational units as independently distributed observations and of not considering the effect of spatial structures on outcomes and relationships of interest (e.g., Ingram, 2013Ingram, , 2016Harbers, 2014). Further, we acknowledge that a spatial perspective is not a simple, cool trick, nor does it reduce to a quick methodological fix.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Politics in Space

Harbers¹,

Ingram²

2019

Inside Countries

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Section: Spatial Regressions and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Politics in Space

Harbers¹,

Ingram²

2019

Inside Countries

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“…Evidence from the United States includes ideologically progressive, rights-oriented expansion and contraction of the judicial agenda (Epp 1998) and court jurisdiction (Gillman 2002(Gillman , 2008. Comparative evidence includes variants of similar movements in Canada, Britain, and India (Epp 1998), neoliberal judicial elites in Israel, Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand (Hirschl 2000(Hirschl , 2004, and progressive judges in Spain (Hilbink 2007b), Israel (Woods 2008), Mexico (Ingram 2012b), and Brazil (Engelmann 2004;Ingram 2009). In sum, institutional insiders (judges) and their subjective, nonmaterial commitments play an important role in explaining crucial judicial outcomes.…”

Section: Why Judicial Network?mentioning

confidence: 99%

'Networked Justice: Judges, the Diffusion of Ideas, and Legal Reform Movements in Mexico'

Ingram

2012

SSRN Journal

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two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. I am also grateful for ongoing collaborations with Lisa Hilbink, whose influence-in good network fashion-shaped many of the ideas presented here, and to James Fowler, for opening his research group during a fellowship at UC San Diego in [2009][2010]. Lastly, I thank the judges of Michoacán: without their participation none of this would be possible. The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Chancellor's Office and the Joseph P. Healey Endowment provided support for data collection. The Kellogg Institute provided writing support. ABSTRACTExisting research shows that the ideas of judges matter for judicial behavior both on the bench (decision making) and off the bench (lobbying and mobilization for institutional change). Yet there is little empirical evidence regarding the content and distribution of these ideas and even less evidence and fewer theoretical propositions regarding the manner in which ideas transfer or diffuse among judges. Addressing these empirical and theoretical gaps, I survey judges in the Mexican state of Michoacán and apply techniques of network analysis. The project makes four main contributions: (1) original data on the attitudes of judges regarding prominent institutional and jurisprudential changes shaping the legal landscape in Mexico; (2) egocentric data on network structure for the sampled judges; (3) sociocentric data on network structure at the level of judicial district, state supreme court, and entire state generated by aggregating the egocentric data; and (4) a mixed-methods analysis of the causal relationship between network features and judicial attitudes, drawing on egocentric methods, sociocentric methods, and personal interviews with focal individuals. Complementing literatures on political socialization, policy diffusion, and complex systems, the analysis clarifies our understanding of the role of judicial networks in strengthening democracy and the rule of law. RESUMENInvestigaciones existentes demuestran que las ideas de los jueces motivan el comportamiento judicial dentro de los juzgados (en la toma de decisiones) y fuera de estos (en el cabildeo institucional y las movilizaciones en torno a distintas reformas). Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia empírica en cuanto al contenido y la distribución de estas ideas, y aun menos evidencia y teorías sobre el modo en que las ideas se transfieren o difunden entre los jueces. Para dar cuenta de estas limitaciones empíricas y teóricas en la literatura, este trabajo desarrolla una encuesta a jueces en la entidad federativa mexicana de Michoacán, aplicando técnicas de análisis de redes. El proyecto hace cuatro contribuciones principales: (1) datos originales sobre las actitudes de jueces en cuanto a cambios importantes en las instituciones y la jurisprudencia que moldean el paisaje jurídico mexicano; (2) datos ego-céntricos sobre la estructura de redes entre los jueces encuestados; (3) datos socio-céntricos sobre la estructura de redes judiciales a nivel de distrito judicial, tribunal super...

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“… 1 By contrast, Brazil's lower courts have garnered more attention from U.S. legal scholars and political scientists than have lower courts in most other Latin American countries (e.g., Ballard 1999; Brinks 2008; Ingram 2009). While the contrast between the performance of these courts and that of the STF is intriguing, it is beyond the scope of this article. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…The cases used to illustrate the thesis of tactical balancingF 26 politically crucial cases decided by the STF between 1985 and 2004Fwere systematically selected. Comparative scholars often focus on either a handful of politically important cases selected to illustrate certain points (e.g., Cepeda Espinosa 2005;Scheppele 2003Scheppele -2004Wilson & Rodríguez Cordero 2006) or a large-N set of 1 By contrast, Brazil's lower courts have garnered more attention from U.S. legal scholars and political scientists than have lower courts in most other Latin American countries (e.g., Ballard 1999;Brinks 2008;Ingram 2009). While the contrast between the performance of these courts and that of the STF is intriguing, it is beyond the scope of this article.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tactical Balancing: High Court Decision Making on Politically Crucial Cases

Kapiszewski

2011

Law Soc Rev

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This article advances a new account of judicial behavior: the thesis of tactical balancing. Building on existing models of judicial decision making, the thesis posits that high court justices balance a discrete set of considerations—justices' ideologies, their institutional interests, the potential consequences of their rulings, public opinion, elected leaders' preferences, and law—as they decide important cases. Variation in a high court's balancing of those considerations as it decides different cases leads it to alternate between challenging and endorsing the exercise of government power. The way in which high courts carry out this “tactical balancing” reflects their broader strategy for prioritizing the different roles they can play in a polity, and thus has significant implications for the rule of law and regime stability in developing democracies. The thesis is illustrated through a detailed analysis of the Brazilian high court's rulings on cases concerning crucial economic policies (1985–2004).

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Crafting Courts in New Democracies: Beyond Brazil and Mexico

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Politics in Space

Politics in Space

'Networked Justice: Judges, the Diffusion of Ideas, and Legal Reform Movements in Mexico'

Tactical Balancing: High Court Decision Making on Politically Crucial Cases

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