Cranberry Phytochemicals and Their Health Benefits

Cunningham, David; Vannozzi, Sarah A.; Turk, Richard; Roderick, Robin; O'Shea, Elizabeth Dunn; Brilliant, Kate

doi:10.1021/bk-2004-0871.ch004

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Cranberry fruit ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait., Ericaceae) is a uniquely rich source of various classes of bioactive flavonoids including the flavonols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAC), offering a significant therapeutic potential for biofilm-related diseases [Cunningham et al, 2004]. Cranberry juice and hydroalcoholic crude extracts also prevent bacterial adherence to apatitic surfaces and reduce the formation of biofilms by oral bacteria in vitro [Weiss et al, 2002;Steinberg et al, 2002;Yamanaka et al, 2004;Koo et al, 2006;Duarte et al, 2006].…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins on Formation of Biofilms by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on Saliva-Coated Apatitic Surface and on Dental Caries Development in vivo

Duarte²,

et al. 2010

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Cranberry crude extracts, in various vehicles, have shown inhibitory effects on the formation of oral biofilms in vitro. The presence of proanthocyanidins (PAC) in cranberry extracts has been linked to biological activities against specific virulence attributes of Streptococcus mutans, e.g. the inhibition of glucosyltransferase (Gtf) activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of a highly purified and chemically defined cranberry PAC fraction on S. mutans biofilm formation on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite surface, and on dental caries development in Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, we examined the ability of specific PAC (ranging from low-molecular-weight monomers and dimers to high-molecular-weight oligomers/polymers) to inhibit GtfB activity and glycolytic pH drop by S. mutans cells, in an attempt to identify specific bioactive compounds. Topical applications (60-second exposure, twice daily) with PAC (1.5 mg/ml) during biofilm formation resulted in less biomass and fewer insoluble polysaccharides than the biofilms treated with vehicle control had (10% ethanol, v/v; p < 0.05). The incidence of smooth-surface caries in rats was significantly reduced by PAC treatment (twice daily), and resulted in less severe carious lesions compared to the vehicle control group (p < 0.05); the animals treated with PAC also showed significantly less caries severity on sulcal surfaces (p < 0.05). Furthermore, specific A-type PAC oligomers (dimers to dodecamers; 0.1 mg/ml) effectively diminished the synthesis of insoluble glucans by GtfB adsorbed on a saliva-coated hydroxyapatite surface, and also affected bacterial glycolysis. Our data show that cranberry PAC reduced the formation of biofilms by S. mutans in vitro and dental caries development in vivo, which may be attributed to the presence of specific bioactive A-type dimers and oligomers.

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins on Formation of Biofilms by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on Saliva-Coated Apatitic Surface and on Dental Caries Development in vivo

Duarte²,

et al. 2010

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“…12 The six major anthocyanins are peonidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyaniding-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyaniding-3-glucoside. [13][14][15] A review of literature revealed that no pharmacognostic standards have been recorded for this nutraceutical drug. Hence the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate various pharmacognostical standards like macroscopic and microscopy of fruits and its powder; physiochemical values and preliminary analysis of Vaccinium macrocarpon fruits so that authentic plant material could be explored for its therapeutic claim.…”

Section: Manisha Khanejamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigations on fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon aiton

Bhatia¹,

Gupta²,

Sharma³

2015

Phcog J

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Background: Vaccinium species are hostile nutraceutical fruit in India as well as all over the world. In recent years, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton is used as a functional food for treating various diseases without authentication. Objective: The current work was investigated to perform the morphoanatomical and physicochemical of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton fruit. Method: Pharmacognostic studies were carried out for different parameters include organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, fluorescence and physicochemical analysis. Results: The fruit was shining burgundy purple in colour having smooth lustrous surface, globular to ellipsoidal in shape with 10-15 mm in length and diameter was 9 mm. The main microscopic characteristic of fruit showed ovules, compact angular parenchyma cells, developed sclerenchymatous outer sheath, central xylem and phloem strands. Fruit powder showed oil bodies, spherical parenchyma cells in large thick masses and walls of the epicarp demonstrated cellulose content. Further, physicochemical examination of fruit powder showed loss on drying, total ash, insoluble ash as 9.23, 7.8, and 9.16% w/w respectively. The water and alcohol soluble extractives values of the fruit were 24.74 and 76.88% respectively. Anthocyanins and flavonids were also confirmed by phytochemical screening. Conclusion: A variety of pharmacognostic features was found in fruitful way which may help in identification and standardization of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton fruit in a crude form. SUMMARY• Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton is a Nutraceutical food having potential pharmacological properties for the treatment of various disorders. It is also known as cranberry fruit. • A fruit is having different types of flavonoids and isoflavonids. The main constituents are anthocyanins and quercetin category. • Our study of this fruits shows phytochemical and pharmacognostical results and it is having great importance in its field. PICTORIAL ABSTRACTAbbreviations used: TBA: Tertiary butyl alcohol, µm: micro meter,

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“…Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is a small, dark red fruit that is known as a very rich source of phytochemicals (Cunningham et al, 2003). It contains many active components such as flavonols, sugar, organic acid and flavonoids as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidis (Ariga, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

The ameliorative role of cranberry extract and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil cytotoxicity in rat fertility

Nafie¹,

Khater²,

Awwad³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of cranberry extracts and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil (CHB) effect on rats' fertility. Forty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into eight equal groups as the following; normal control, rats injected orally with 0.2 mg/kg of CHB for 14 days, rats injected orally with 100 mg/kg of cranberry extract (CB) for ten days, rats intravenously injected with bone marrow cells (BMC) through tail vain, rats protected with both CB and BMC, rats treated with CHB+CB, rats treated with CHB+BMC and rats treated with CHB+BMC+CB. Genotoxicity were evaluated by counting and comparing the value of sperm abnormalities and normal sperm count. Results show that rats injected with CHB had remarkable increase in sperm head abnormalities as without hook, banana shape and hummer shape. Admission of cranberry extract and bone marrow cells after chemotherapy improved the frequency of the sperm abnormalities.

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Cranberry Phytochemicals and Their Health Benefits

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins on Formation of Biofilms by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on Saliva-Coated Apatitic Surface and on Dental Caries Development in vivo

Influence of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins on Formation of Biofilms by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on Saliva-Coated Apatitic Surface and on Dental Caries Development in vivo

Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigations on fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon aiton

The ameliorative role of cranberry extract and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil cytotoxicity in rat fertility

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