Cranial bone regeneration according to different particle sizes and densities of demineralized dentin matrix in the rabbit model

Abstract

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to place bone graft materials in cranial defects in a rabbit model and compare their bone regenerating ability according to the size and density of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM).MethodsWe selected nine healthy male rabbits that were raised under the same conditions and that weighed about 3 kg. Two circular defects 8 mm in diameter were created in each side of the cranium. The defects were grafted with DDM using four different particle sizes and densities: 0.1 mL of 0.25- to 1.0-mm particles (group 1); 0.2 mL of 0.25- to 1.0-mm particles (group 2); 0.1 mL of 1.0- to 2.0-mm particles (group 3); and 0.2 mL of 1.0- to 2.0-mm particles (group 4). After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed, and bone samples were evaluated by means of histologic, histomorphometric, and quantitative RT-PCR analysis.ResultsIn group 1, osteoblast activity and bone formation were greater than in the other three groups on histological examination. In groups 2, 3, and 4, dense connective tissue was seen around original bone even after 8 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis of representative sections in group 1 showed a higher rate of new bone formation, but the difference from the other groups was not statistically significant. RT-PCR analysis indicated a correlation between bone formation and protein (osteonectin and osteopontin) expression.ConclusionsDDM with a space between particles of 200 μm was effective in bone formation, suggesting that materials with a small particle size could reasonably be used for bone grafting.

Nano-Structured Demineralized Human Dentin Matrix to Enhance Bone and Dental Repair and Regeneration

“…Smaller particles had more resorbability, and they may have been resorbed in vivo before the initiation of new bone formation. Regarding the optimal particle size of DDM, there was no agreement in the literature, which varied in defect sites and graft materials, warranting further and more systematic investigations [17,42,45].…”

3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures

“…Most commercial graft materials are currently composed of powder, which can be used to fill bone defects without any bony gaps [10]. However, powder-type bone-graft materials take a long time to graft and may detach from the wound site, making it difficult to graft areas where physical support is required [5,11]. Therefore, the development of a new block-type bone-graft material is required to overcome the limitations of powder materials.…”

Improved autologous cortical bone harvest and viability with 2Flute otologic burs

“…Furthermore, the increased surface area-to-volume ratio of particulate autografts improves diffusion of nutrients and growth factors to accelerate integration of the autograft. 7 Although the smaller particulate autograft is an improvement over the whole bone autograft, our study suggests increasingly small particulate bone fragments have more limited viability. The 2Flute (Stryker Corporation) burs produced larger bone fragments than the multiflute burs.…”

“…Osteocytes are able to remain viable after drilling and may participate in bone reconstruction after autograft placement. Furthermore, the increased surface area‐to‐volume ratio of particulate autografts improves diffusion of nutrients and growth factors to accelerate integration of the autograft …”