Cranial Nonmetric Sexual Dimorphism and Sex Estimation in East and Southeast Asian Individuals

Tallman, Sean D.

doi:10.5744/fa.2019.1010

Cited by 22 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…There was a negligible effect from age‐at‐death on character state expression. At the outset, we hypothesized that age‐at‐death might present a confounding variable when assessing the presence of secular change since bone remodeling occurs throughout life, which could result in variations in trait expression being associated with age (Klales, 2016; Tallman, 2016). The ordinal regression analyses demonstrate that age‐at‐death does not have a statistically significant impact on trait expression, with the exception of MT and PREI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The finding, although not unexpected, that some morphological trait expressions are at least partially influenced by sex further complicates their utility in ancestry estimation. Atkinson and Tallman (2020) and Tallman (2016) documented sexual dimorphism in several morphological traits in modern Japanese and Thai individuals; however, the inclusion of sex into predictive regression models failed to contribute to classification accuracies. While the effects of sex were found to be negligible, this may be related to the reduced levels of sexual dimorphism generally displayed by Japanese and Thai individuals compared to non‐Asian groups, including African American and European American individuals (Patterson & Tallman, 2019; Tallman, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last two decades, efforts to develop morphological methods for forensic ancestry estimation within nonparametric statistical frameworks have emerged for both cranial and dental traits, with an emphasis placed on understanding the distribution and causes of human variation from a population perspective (Atkinson & Tallman, 2020; Edgar, 2005, 2013; George & Pilloud, 2019; Hefner, 2009; Hefner & Linde, 2018; Hefner & Ousely, 2014; Hefner, Pilloud, Black, & Anderson, 2015; Klales & Kenyhercz, 2015; Tallman, 2016). While methodological advances have shed more light on human skeletal variability and population differences, considerably less is known about how morphological traits are affected by other demographic factors such as age and sex; as well as the contributing effects of secular change, which limits the interpretations that can be made in the context of skeletal analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Spradley et al (2016) found that more variables were affected in males than females. Age has also been considered a potential confounding variable in assessing rates of secular change, as morphological trait variability may change with advancing age (Tallman, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secular change in morphological cranial and mandibular trait frequencies in European Americans born 1824–1987

Kilroy

Tallman

DiGangi

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Secular change in cranial and postcranial morphometrics and morphological traits has been documented in several studies. However, to date, few studies have addressed temporal changes occurring in the expression of cranial morphological traits commonly used in ancestry estimation. This study examines secular change in the expression of 23 cranial and mandibular morphological traits; accounting for ageat-death, sex, and year-of-birth. Materials & Methods: Data were collected on 23 morphological cranial and mandibular traits for European American individuals (19-97 years of age) from the Hamann-Todd Skeletal Collection (n = 518) and the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection (n = 602). Individuals were divided into six birth-year cohorts: 1824-1849 (Cohort 1),

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Secular change in morphological cranial and mandibular trait frequencies in European Americans born 1824–1987

Kilroy

Tallman

DiGangi

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…This approach is arguably problematic because it neglects to consider factors that influence skeletal morphology, such as the unique population histories and structures that distinguish the various countries and groups that comprise Asia and North America. Although the methods for estimating ancestry, sex, age, and stature in Asian individuals are currently being evaluated and refined , the degree of craniomorphic variability with regard to ancestry among Asian and Asian‐derived groups has largely remained unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmetric Cranial Trait Variation and Ancestry Estimation in Asian and Asian‐Derived Groups

Atkinson

Tallman

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Traditionally, precontact Native Americans and Asian groups have been conflated for aspects of the biological profile due to their distantly shared genetic history, although this grouping remains largely unexplored. This study examines craniomorphic variability to ascertain whether Asian groups can be differentiated from each other and from Asian-derived groups using more fine-tuned models. Cranial and mandibular data for 35 nonmetric traits were recorded on precontact Native Americans (n = 150) and modern Japanese (n = 150) and Thai (n = 150) individuals. Chi-square analyses indicate that all groups exhibit statistically significant differences in most traits. Additionally, crossvalidated binary logistic regression equations resulted in correct classification rates in the range of 65.0-93.3% and demonstrate that sex does not contribute to statistical models. Therefore, numerous traits provide discriminatory resolution that detects differences between the samples, thus highlighting the potential utility of nonmetric traits in identifying individuals beyond the traditional African, European, and Asian forensic ancestry groupings.

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Influence of climatic stress on nonmetric sexually dimorphic features of the skull and pelvis

Waxenbaum

Feiler

2020

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Human sexual dimorphism is frequently assessed through skull and pelvic size and shape. Researchers suggest that climatic variation and the associated stress may be significant factors in sexual dimorphism's etiology.However, little research has specifically investigated climatic effects on nonmetric skeletal indicators of sex. To further appreciate the plasticity of human biology, a comparative study of standard skull and pelvic nonmetric sex indicators is presented. Methods: A Native Alaskan archeological sample (n = 104) and a component of the Terry collection (n = 99) represent populations originating from different climatic environments in recent history. These sex-balanced groups are compared through Tukey-Kramer's method and Greene's t-test to determine any variation in degree of sexual dimorphism within and between samples.Results: The results reinforce the complex and multifaceted relationship between climate and sexual dimorphism. The Terry sample demonstrated a greater degree of sexual dimorphism with statistically significant differences in robusticity of the mastoid process and nuchal crest compared with the Native Alaskans. A more "male" morphotype and reduced dimorphism are appreciated in the pelves of Native Alaskans than the Terry sample.Conclusions: This research highlights a reduction in sexual dimorphism in populations under greater climatic stress and contributes to the production of more accurate skeletal assessments in future investigations. Discussion of confounding factors suggest more research is necessary to untangle climate and human morphology's complex relationship. This study contributes to a greater appreciation of human biological plasticity, ecogeographic variation, and the evolution of modern human diversity.

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Cranial Nonmetric Sexual Dimorphism and Sex Estimation in East and Southeast Asian Individuals

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Secular change in morphological cranial and mandibular trait frequencies in European Americans born 1824–1987

Secular change in morphological cranial and mandibular trait frequencies in European Americans born 1824–1987

Nonmetric Cranial Trait Variation and Ancestry Estimation in Asian and Asian‐Derived Groups

Influence of climatic stress on nonmetric sexually dimorphic features of the skull and pelvis

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