Cranial variation in the terminal Late Archaic of Ohio

Sciulli, Paul W.; Schneider, Kim N.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330660411

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is well known that the proportionally shortest legs as well as the shortest distal elements of the limbs can be found among living East Asian populations and populations recently derived from them. However, as Table 1 shows, Ohio Valley Native Americans are characterized by relatively long legs and, as has been shown previously (Sciulli et al, 1991;Sciulli, in press), by relatively long distal elements of the limbs (for example, a brachial index of 77.8 and a crural index of 85.0). Thus, use of regressions based on East Asian populations, or other populations of similar proportions, to estimate stature in Ohio Valley Native Americans will significantly overestimate stature (Sciulli et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

An update on stature estimation in prehistoric native Americans of Ohio

Sciulli

Giesen

1993

American J Phys Anthropol

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We present regression equations to estimate skeletal height and stature for prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio. The regression equations are based on skeletal height as the dependent variable and various postcranial elements and combinations of elements as the independent variables. A total of 171 individuals, 95 males and 76 females, make up the sample. The present sample includes the 64 individuals we previously used for stature estimation (Sciulli et al.: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 83:275-280, 1990) and 107 additional individuals distributed more widely in time and space. The present more inclusive sample, however, shows the same proportional contributions to skeletal height of each skeletal height component as the previous sample. This result suggests that these proportions were a consistent feature of the prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio. Because the prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio were characterized by relatively long legs and distal elements of the limbs, stature estimation from regressions based on East Asian populations, which express in general relatively short legs and distal limb elements, will overestimate stature in Native Americans of Ohio and, possibly, all Eastern Woodlands Native Americans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

An update on stature estimation in prehistoric native Americans of Ohio

Sciulli

Giesen

1993

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…What is lacking in Boas' immigrant study, and what has not been demonstrated yet since Boas, is that environmental plasticity plays a more important role than genetic variation. What has been demonstrated is that cranial dimensions are capable of revealing ''genetic'' patterns in human populations over time and space (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Finally, we address the issue of why Boas published such seemingly erroneous conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A reassessment of human cranial plasticity: Boas revisited

Sparks

Jantz

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

192

106

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In 1912, Franz Boas published a study demonstrating the plastic nature of the human body in response to changes in the environment. The results of this study have been cited for the past 90 years as evidence of cranial plasticity. These findings, however, have never been critiqued thoroughly for their statistical and biological validity. This study presents a reassessment of Boas' data within a modern statistical and quantitative genetic framework. The data used here consist of head and face measurements on over 8,000 individuals of various European ethnic groups. By using pedigree information contained in Boas' data, narrow sense heritabilities are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. In addition, a series of t tests and regression analyses are performed to determine the statistical validity of Boas' original findings on differentiation between American and European-born children and the prolonged effect of the environment on cranial form. Results indicate the relatively high genetic component of the head and face diameters despite the environmental differences during development. Results point to very small and insignificant differences between European-and American-born offspring, and no effect of exposure to the American environment on the cranial index in children. These results contradict Boas' original findings and demonstrate that they may no longer be used to support arguments of plasticity in cranial morphology.

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“…Some nonmetric traits have been shown to have significant genetic components to their expression (Cheverud and Buikstra, 1981;Saunders and Popovich, 1978;Self and Leamy, 1978) and to produce patterns of group relationships consistent with other data under certain conditions (Cheverud and Buikstra, 1978;Lane, 1977;Lane and Sublett, 1972;Sciulli and Schneider, 1985). Nevertheless, other studies have produced data questioning their heritability and utility in population analysis (see, e.g., Corruccini, 1974;Richtsmeier and McGrath, 1986;Wijsman and Neves, 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Population structure and skeletal variation in the Late Woodland of west‐central Illinois

Conner¹

1990

American J Phys Anthropol

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This paper analyzes nonmetric trait variation in 11 late Late Woodland (ca. AD 700-1000) and one Mississippian (AD 1000-1300) skeletal samples from west-central Illinois from a population-structure perspective. Most of the sites are of the Bluff phase of Late Woodland in the lower Illinois River valley; others are from a nearby, contemporary archaeological phase. Late Woodland as a whole era (ca. AD 250-1000) was a period of marked population growth and expansion into new regional environments, trends that accompanied horticultural intensification in the area. Overall variation between sites was low, but males, females, and the total sample exhibited a significant geographic component to variation due to interregional morphological differences. The Bluff sites tended to group together relative to the non-Bluff sites. However, there was no significant geographic component to variation among the Bluff sites. The results are only partially consistent with archaeological data suggesting population growth and expansion through fissioning. Previous studies have demonstrated significant heterogeneity for nonmetric trait frequencies among Middle Woodland (ca. 100 BC to AD 250) sites, suggesting a Middle to Late Woodland change in population structure that lowered levels of morphological variation. This supports a model of increased intra- and interregional interaction from Middle to Late Woodland times developed from ceramic data by Braun and by Braun and Plog.

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Cranial variation in the terminal Late Archaic of Ohio

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

An update on stature estimation in prehistoric native Americans of Ohio

An update on stature estimation in prehistoric native Americans of Ohio

A reassessment of human cranial plasticity: Boas revisited

Population structure and skeletal variation in the Late Woodland of west‐central Illinois

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