1999
DOI: 10.1097/00000433-199912000-00001
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Craniocervical Injuries in Judicial Hangings

Abstract: Restoration projects and archaeologic excavations in two Canadian prisons resulted in the recovery of the skeletons of six felons executed by judicial hanging. Damage inflicted by hanging on various skeletal elements was observed. Among the injuries seen were fractures of the hyoid cornua, styloid processes, occipital bones, and cervical vertebral bodies (C2) and transverse processes (C1, C2, C3, and C5). Despite the general uniformity of the hanging technique, which involved a subaural knot, the trauma to the… Show more

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Cited by 24 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…It is concluded from examination of the remaining fragment that the atlas exhibits a Jefferson fracture (Jefferson, 1920), that is, a fracture characterised by unilateral or bilateral breaks of the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas ring. Such injuries to the atlas subsequent to judicial hanging have previously been reported (Spence et al, 1999) both in conjunction with and without additional cervical skeleton injury.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 71%
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“…It is concluded from examination of the remaining fragment that the atlas exhibits a Jefferson fracture (Jefferson, 1920), that is, a fracture characterised by unilateral or bilateral breaks of the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas ring. Such injuries to the atlas subsequent to judicial hanging have previously been reported (Spence et al, 1999) both in conjunction with and without additional cervical skeleton injury.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…Similarly, none of the anterior neck skeleton and laryngeal cartilages remained and therefore injury (or lack thereof) to these structures cannot be known either. However, although fracture and crushing of the hyoid and thyroid cartilages are very common among suicidal hangings (Paparo and Siegel, 1984;Luke et al, 1985;Simonsen, 1988;Morild, 1996;Feigin, 1999;Nikolic et al, 2003;Sharma, 2005) they are compataively rare in judicial cases (Spence et al, 1999) and it is therefore unlikely that Kelly sustained these injuries.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Evidence of structural violence, epidemiology, occupational stress, socioeconomic status and judicial action have been described for skeletal elements recovered from historic contexts [15, 17, 47, 204, 212, 213, 284, 290292]. The YNH4 provides additional data for this record, using osteological, molecular, geochemical and archival variables to illuminate of immigrant origin, life history and social identity.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%