Craniofacial Reconstruction With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Wan, Derrick C.; Wong, Victor W.; Longaker, Michael T.

doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e318252f41b

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, have the capacity to generate tissue from any of the three germ layers (10, 11). Their clinical use, however, has been hampered by risks for teratoma formation and, in the case of embryonic stem cells, ethical concerns (12). Multipotent stem cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), lack these shortcomings, but have the capacity to differentiate into a more limited number of closely related cells (13, 14).…”

Section: Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stem Cells in Aesthetic Surgery

McArdle

Senarath-Yapa

Walmsley

et al. 2014

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Stem cells are attractive candidates for the development of novel therapies, targeting indications that involve functional restoration of defective tissue. Although most stem cell therapies are new and highly experimental, there are clinics around the world that exploit vulnerable patients with the hope of offering supposed stem cell therapies, many of which operate without credible scientific merit, oversight, or other patient protection. We review the potential, as well as drawbacks, for incorporation of stem cells in cosmetic procedures. A review of FDA-approved indications and ongoing clinical trials with adipose stem cells is provided. Furthermore, a “snapshot” analysis of websites using the search terms “stem cell therapy” or “stem cell treatment” or “stem cell facelift” was performed. Despite the protective net cast by regulatory agencies such as the FDA and professional societies such as the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, we are witnessing worrying advertisements for procedures such as stem cell facelifts, stem cell breast augmentations, and even stem cell vaginal rejuvenation. The marketing and promotion of stem cell procedures in aesthetic surgery is not adequately supported by clinical evidence in the majority of cases. Stem cells offer tremendous potential, but the marketplace is saturated with unsubstantiated and sometimes fraudulent claims that may place patients at risk. With plastic surgeons at the forefront of stem cell-based regenerative medicine, it is critically important that we provide an example of a rigorous approach to research, data collection, and advertising of stem cell therapies.

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Section: Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stem Cells in Aesthetic Surgery

McArdle

Senarath-Yapa

Walmsley

et al. 2014

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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“…However, to date, the applicability of this technique in creating new bone to treat large defects, such as calvarial critical‐sized defects, remains largely unexplored. While there has been progress in using these bioceramic materials to treat critical‐sized defects, some of the more successful techniques include certain bioactive components with the biomaterial, such as bone marrow, bioactive growth factors, or stem cells . However, these approaches are not without drawbacks, and may be associated with risks, such as tumorigenic potential, inflammatory side‐effects, unpredictable bone formation, and lack of cost effectiveness .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there has been progress in using these bioceramic materials to treat critical‐sized defects, some of the more successful techniques include certain bioactive components with the biomaterial, such as bone marrow, bioactive growth factors, or stem cells . However, these approaches are not without drawbacks, and may be associated with risks, such as tumorigenic potential, inflammatory side‐effects, unpredictable bone formation, and lack of cost effectiveness . Therefore, the current standard of care in the treatment of cranial defects continues to be the use of bone autografts, although many surgical techniques combine the use of autogenous, allogeneic, and synthetic materials .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthetic materials such as calcium phosphates are promising alternatives as they are osteoconductive, can be made as moldable cements or anatomically fitting through additive manufacturing technologies . However the ability of these and other synthetic matrixes to promote a fast cranial repair remains unfortunately limited, thus a growing interest in tissue engineering approaches, coupling synthetic scaffolds with bioactive substances and expanded patient cells . While such treatment strategies may have significant future potential, they are not without drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While such treatment strategies may have significant future potential, they are not without drawbacks. The use of stem cells is hampered by lack of clarity as to whether isolation methods actually isolate stem cells, lack of clear cost–outcome benefit, concerns about safety etc . Similarly the use of osteoinductive growth factors (in particular bone morphogenetic protein) is associated with side effects or the potential for the production of deleteriously excessive amounts of structurally abnormal bone .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of Critical‐Sized Calvarial Defects in Rats with Preimplanted Transplants

Charbonnier

Abdulla

Gorgy

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The local environment and the defect features have made the skull one of the most difficult regions to repair. Finding alternative strategies to repair large cranial defects, thereby avoiding the current limitations of autograft or polymeric and ceramic prostheses constitute an unmet need. In this study, the regeneration of an 8 mm critical‐sized calvarial defect treated by autograft or by a monetite scaffold directly placed in the defect or preimplanted (either cranial bone transplant or subcutaneous pocket) and then transplanted within the bone defect is compared. The data reveal that transplantation of preimplanted monetite transplant scaffolds greatly improves the skull vault closure compared to subcutaneously preimplanted or directly placed materials. Autografts, while clearly filling the defect volume with bone appear effective since bone volume inside the defect volume is obviously high, but are not well fused to the skull. The preimplantation site has a large influence on the regeneration of the defect. Transplantation of induced bone inside materials has the potential to reduce the need for autograft harvest without damaging the skeleton. This first demonstration indicates that cranial repair may be possible without recourse to bioactives or cultured cell therapies.

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Bioactive Scaffolds as a Promising Alternative for Enhancing Critical-Size Bone Defect Regeneration in the Craniomaxillofacial Region

Bello,

Cruz-Lebrón,

Rodríguez-Rivera

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Reconstruction of critical-size bone defects (CSDs) in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) region remains challenging. Scaffold-based bone-engineered constructs have been proposed as an alternative to the classical treatments made with autografts and allografts. Scaffolds, a key component of engineered constructs, have been traditionally viewed as biologically passive temporary replacements of deficient bone lacking intrinsic cues to promote osteogenesis. Nowadays, scaffolds are functionalized, giving rise to bioactive scaffolds promoting bone regeneration more effectively than conventional counterparts. This review focuses on the three approaches most used to bioactivate scaffolds: (1) conferring microarchitectural designs or surface nanotopography; (2) loading bioactive molecules; and (3) seeding stem cells on scaffolds, providing relevant examples of in vivo (preclinical and clinical) studies where these methods are employed to enhance CSDs healing in the CMF region. From these, adding bioactive molecules (specifically bone morphogenetic proteins or BMPs) to scaffolds has been the most explored to bioactivate scaffolds. Nevertheless, the downsides of grafting BMP-loaded scaffolds in patients have limited its successful translation into clinics. Despite these drawbacks, scaffolds containing safer, cheaper, and more effective bioactive molecules, combined with stem cells and topographical cues, remain a promising alternative for clinical use to treat CSDs in the CMF complex replacing autografts and allografts.

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Craniofacial Reconstruction With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

The Role of Stem Cells in Aesthetic Surgery

The Role of Stem Cells in Aesthetic Surgery

Treatment of Critical‐Sized Calvarial Defects in Rats with Preimplanted Transplants

Bioactive Scaffolds as a Promising Alternative for Enhancing Critical-Size Bone Defect Regeneration in the Craniomaxillofacial Region

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