Craniofacial trauma in pediatric patients following winnowing blade injury-review of literature

Abstract

In developing countries, during the harvest season, winnower blade injuries occur very frequently in children and results in lifelong disability. Nine children were managed during 1 month, all resulting due to winnower blade induced craniofacial trauma. PubMed search for “fan blade injury” showed two case series and three case reports. In our study, 88% had compound depressed fracture; brain matter leak in 56%, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak alone in 22%. 66.7% had injury involving the frontal bone. Two patients had eye injury with visual loss. Seven underwent debridement craniectomy, five augmentation duroplasty and three contusectomy. All had vegetable material, sand particles. Complications in 66.6% with two cases of CSF leak settled with lumbar drain, one case of CSF otorrohea, 22.2% of wound infection, 44.4% wound dehiscence requiring redebridement and suturing in five patients. Two patients had postoperative seizures, two patients had hemiparesis both improved. Two low Glasgow Coma Scale remained so on postoperative period. One case of subdural empyema needed debridement and duroplasty with glue. No mortality noted. These findings were consistent with previous reports. Follow-up at 1.5 months showed good functional recovery. Early surgery debridement, steps to minimize postoperative infections, identifying putative risk factors early in the management are the principles of a successful treatment regimen.

Craniofacial Injury in a Child by Agricultural Fan Blade: A Case Report

“…Even sometime falling on the stationary blade can also lead to head injury. 2 Such cases need urgent referral to a tertiary center dealing with such kind of injury. A NCCT head should be done to localize the size of contusion/laceration.…”

“…Delay in referral coupled with gross contamination may lead to wound infection. 2 3 Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak is another dreaded complication. However, the result is good if such patients are operated early and meticulous debridement is done as we see in our case.…”

“…Farm machine-related injuries in children are common modality of head injury. [1][2][3] We describe here a case of threshing fan blade injury to head and its successful management.…”