Craniometric Patterning within Ancient Peru

Ross, Ann H.; Ubelaker, Douglas H.; Guillén, Sonia

doi:10.1017/s104566350000777x

Cited by 15 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A recent study of coastal and highland populations from central and northern Peru has demonstrated some differences in cranial shape, but not overall size, between populations (Ross et al, 2008). Coastal populations are characterised by lower, longer cranial vaults than highland populations (Newman, 1943;Ross et al, 2008) and postcranial morphology also shows a distinction between highland and coastal populations (Weinstein, 2005), while there is morphological similarity within these regions even over relatively large areas. This may reflect the combined effects of genetic drift, environmental adaptation (particularly for postcranial morphology) and dietary influences.…”

Section: Classification Of Craniamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hence unmodified crania from all sites were pooled to produce a single unmodified group. Current understanding of temporal and geographical craniometric variation in Peru is somewhat limited due to the small number of previous studies (Ross et al, 2008), perhaps in part because ACM is relatively common in Peruvian populations. A recent study of coastal and highland populations from central and northern Peru has demonstrated some differences in cranial shape, but not overall size, between populations (Ross et al, 2008).…”

Section: Classification Of Craniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current understanding of temporal and geographical craniometric variation in Peru is somewhat limited due to the small number of previous studies (Ross et al, 2008), perhaps in part because ACM is relatively common in Peruvian populations. A recent study of coastal and highland populations from central and northern Peru has demonstrated some differences in cranial shape, but not overall size, between populations (Ross et al, 2008). Coastal populations are characterised by lower, longer cranial vaults than highland populations (Newman, 1943;Ross et al, 2008) and postcranial morphology also shows a distinction between highland and coastal populations (Weinstein, 2005), while there is morphological similarity within these regions even over relatively large areas.…”

Section: Classification Of Craniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A metric study of three types of artificial cranial modification from north‐central Peru

Pomeroy

Stock

Zakrzewski

et al. 2009

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Artificial cranial modification (ACM) involves the alteration of cranial vault shape by cultural means, and is performed during infancy while the cranial bones remain soft and malleable. The direction of normal cranial growth is altered through the application of external forces. In this study, three types of ACM from north-central Peru (posterior flattening, bilobed and circumferential) were analysed using standard craniometric techniques. The aim was to determine the effects of these forms of ACM on craniofacial morphology, and the extent to which different types of ACM could be distinguished from one another and unmodified crania on the basis of these measurements. Significant differences between artificially modified and unmodified crania, and between different types of ACM, were demonstrated in cranial vault shape for all types. Significant differences in facial morphology were found only in the bilobed group compared with the unmodified crania. Canonical variates analysis (discriminant analysis) confirmed that major differences between modification types and unmodified crania were in measurements and angles of the cranial vault. While the results show some similarities to previous studies, they add to the variability in the patterns and extent of differences documented to date. It is suggested, based on these results and visual observations, that interpopulation variation in ACM within major modification categories may explain some of the variability in results between studies, an explanation which has previously received insufficient recognition but which remains to be tested since varied methodology between studies may also be a contributory factor. While previous studies have often sought to generalise about the effects of ACM, the examination of the differences between populations even within major ACM categories may offer new insight into cultural variation in modification techniques between populations and the nature of craniofacial development.

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Section: Classification Of Craniamentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Classification Of Craniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classification Of Craniamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A metric study of three types of artificial cranial modification from north‐central Peru

Pomeroy

Stock

Zakrzewski

et al. 2009

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Craniometrics and other analyses of cranial morphology are generally employed to demonstrate group relatedness (e.g., Howells 1989;Hubbe et al 2015;Roseman 2004;Ross, Ubelaker, and Guillen 2008). Here, analyses of metric data were limited by the high frequency of intentional cranial modification (over half the sample), which reduces the number of variables that can be used to explore biological affinities between groups.…”

Section: Biological Relatedness Through Bioarchaeological Determinatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Identities: An Innovative Bioarchaeological and Biogeochemical Approach to Analyzing the Multiplicity of Identities in the Mortuary Record

Torres‐Rouff¹,

Knudson²

2017

Current Anthropology

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“…Early studies examining hair colour, skin colour, body form and epicanthic skin folds argued that biological variation among indigenous Mexican populations were modest (Haydenblit, ). However, studies based on skeletal and dental traits indicate considerable heterogeneity in pre‐contact America (Haydenblit, ; Ross et al ., ; Ross et al ., ; Ross & Ubelaker, ). Even more heterogeneity was introduced by the conquest of the Americans, which brought together various European, African and indigenous groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geometric Morphometric Study of Regional Craniofacial Variation in Mexico

Humphries

Maxwell

Ross

et al. 2013

Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.

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Spanish speaking populations in the USA have long been categorised under the umbrella term ‘Hispanic’, which is a cultural construct. The term Hispanic ignores the unique ethnohistories and biological variation among Hispanic groups with various European, African and indigenous American influences. Considerable heterogeneity has been identified in pre‐contact America and has continued to influence the cultural and biological compositions of various regions today. The purpose of this research is to examine biological variation in Mexico, which was influenced by indigenous migration patterns and the Old World conquests of the Americans. Using multivariate statistics, this paper compares 16 three‐dimensional craniometric landmarks of samples from northern Central Mexico, northern Yucatan and western Mexico to examine the regional biological variation present in Mexico in both prehistoric and historic groups and also compares Mexican, Spanish and African American groups to examine patterns of Old World conquests. Multivariate statistics detected significant group differences for both size and shape (centroid size, p < 0.0001; shape, p < 0.0001) and showed that while significantly different, all the Mexican groups are more similar to one another except for one prehistoric inland‐western Mexican group, which is morphologically distinct from the other Mexican groups. Previous mtDNA research in these areas shows a low prevalence of African American admixture and a high indigenous component in the northern Mexican groups, which is consistent with the findings of this paper. The prehistoric and historic Mexican groups were the most similar indicating the retention of indigenous admixture after contact. The results from this analysis demonstrate that all groups are significantly different from one another supporting other findings that have shown that the indigenous populations of the New World are heterogeneous and that this variation may also contribute to the heterogeneity of contemporary populations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Craniometric Patterning within Ancient Peru

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

A metric study of three types of artificial cranial modification from north‐central Peru

A metric study of three types of artificial cranial modification from north‐central Peru

Integrating Identities: An Innovative Bioarchaeological and Biogeochemical Approach to Analyzing the Multiplicity of Identities in the Mortuary Record

A Geometric Morphometric Study of Regional Craniofacial Variation in Mexico

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