Cranioplasty with polymethyl methacrylate implant: solutions of pitfalls

El-Ghani, Wael M. A. Abd

doi:10.1186/s41984-018-0002-y

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Regarding bone cement, our results are similar to the study done on 2003 (10) (11) . However, his study was conducted on patients with only small and medium sized defects (< 8cm).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…1-2 authors. (7,8,9,10,11) However, regarding complications, both groups Regarding titanium mesh, our results are similar to Honeybul et al, 2017 (7) who had only one patient (out of 31) with late infection who needed titanium mesh re-implantation after antibiotic course. Our results also agree with another study (8) which analyzed titanium mesh on 56 patients and found that an abscess developed in one patient (1.7%) who received high-dose steroids for 72 hours before reconstruction.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Cranioplasty using Titanium Mesh Versus Acrylic Bone Cement: Short-term Outcomes and Complications

Darwish

Nanous

2021

Benha Medical Journal

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Background: Cranioplasty is a reconstructive procedure to restore bone anatomy and repair skull defects. Optimum reconstruction could be a challenge for neurosurgeons, and therefore the strategy to attain the ideal result remains a subject of discussion. Aim: we aimed at comparing two completely different prostheses in reconstructing calvarial bone defects, titanium mesh and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. We looked for the differences in the cosmetic and functional outcomes as well as the prosthesis-related complications. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized prospective study on the first forty successive adult patients with calvarial skull defects of different etiologies, sites and sizes admitted and operated upon at neurosurgery department, Minia University hospital between January 2017 and December 2018. We divided patients into 2 groups, Group1: 20 patients were operated upon using Titanium mesh and Group 2: 20 patients were operated upon using (PMMA) acrylic bone cement implants. Results: Regarding cosmetic appearance, functional outcome, and improvement of the clinical symptoms (syndrome of trephined), Cranioplasty using titanium mesh and acrylic bone cement proved to have nonsignificant differences in the reconstruction of calvarial skull defects of different etiologies. However, there is a statistically significant difference between both materials regarding complications especially with large skull defects (≥25 cm 2). Conclusion: there is no statistical difference between both materials regarding cosmetic and functional outcomes. However, large bone defects (≥25 cm 2) are better treated with titanium mesh due to lower incidence of complications.

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“…Regarding bone cement, our results are similar to the study done on 2003 (10) (11) . However, his study was conducted on patients with only small and medium sized defects (< 8cm).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cranioplasty using Titanium Mesh Versus Acrylic Bone Cement: Short-term Outcomes and Complications

Darwish

Nanous

2021

Benha Medical Journal

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“…In addition, the surgical duration is significantly increased and may lead to poor cosmetic outcomes in patients with large or complicated defects as the PMMA implant as in-situ molded during the surgery procedure. Furthermore, the heat generated due to the exothermic reactions or the release of toxic monomers intraoperatively can result in the focal tissue damage, which implicate local and systemic reactions [4,5]. Although this surgical operation may seem straightforward, the complications range from 15 to 41%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Patient Specific Cranioplasty Implants with Antibacterial Properties

Nazeer

Choo

Wong

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Cranioplasty is the surgical procedure to repair the bone defects in the cranium. Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) is the most common used biomaterial as it showed better long-term outcomes. Cranioplasty is usually performed through in-situ forming approach. However, the heat and shrinkage and the release of unreacted monomers represent the main drawbacks. Studies also shown a rate of graft infection higher than 10% in surgical PMMA cranioplasty. To overcome these, prefabricating the implants using additive manufacturing (AM) has been proposed. The AM implants could be tailored according to the defect and reduce surgical time, blood loss and the risk of infection. However, the insufficient disinfection of the AM implants may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the implants can be loaded with antimicrobial agents prior to the cranioplasty. This study synthesised a chemically modified PMMA that can be loaded with antimicrobial agent for AM. The PMMA was sulfonated under different sulfonation temperature, duration, and ratio of PMMA to sulfuric acid. The ionic exchange capacity and degree of sulfonation of the sulfonated PMMA (SPMMA) was determined. In the future, SPMMA with the optimal IEC and DS will be loaded with antimicrobial agent and will be evaluated using the zone of inhibition assay.

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“…All these properties are very important for preserving the high photocatalytic activity of the deposited photocatalysts. PMMA has also been used in biomedical applications due to its non-toxic properties, low cost, easy processability, compatibility and minimal inflammatory reactions with tissues, and greater fracture resistance, especially when used in cranioplasty [78][79][80]. It is also worth noting that PMMA is stable during photocatalysis and it is not decomposed by photogenerated electrons and holes or by reactive oxygen species created during photocatalytic processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Performance of Novel Self-Cleaning g-C3N4/PMMA/PUR Membranes

et al. 2020

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In the majority of photocatalytic applications, the photocatalyst is dispersed as a suspension of nanoparticles. The suspension provides a higher surface for the photocatalytic reaction in respect to immobilized photocatalysts. However, this implies that recovery of the particles by filtration or centrifugation is needed to collect and regenerate the photocatalyst. This complicates the regeneration process and, at the same time, leads to material loss and potential toxicity. In this work, a new nanofibrous membrane, g-C 3 N 4 /PMMA/PUR, was prepared by the fixation of exfoliated g-C 3 N 4 to polyurethane nanofibers using thin layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The optimal amount of PMMA was determined by measuring the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of g-C 3 N 4 /PMMA/PUR membranes (with a different PMMA content) in an aqueous solution of methylene blue. It was found that the prepared membranes were able to effectively adsorb and decompose methylene blue. On top of that, the membranes evinced a self-cleaning behavior, showing no coloration on their surfaces after contact with methylene blue, unlike in the case of unmodified fabric. After further treatment with H 2 O 2 , no decrease in photocatalytic activity was observed, indicating that the prepared membrane can also be easily regenerated. This study promises possibilities for the production of photocatalytic membranes and fabrics for both chemical and biological contaminant control.Polymers 2020, 12, 850 2 of 20 aqueous solutions [11][12][13][14]. Adsorption by activated carbon is the most used method of dye removal due to good removal efficiency of a wide variety of dyes. Performance is dependent on the type of carbon used and the characteristics of the wastewater. The removal rate can be improved using massive doses of activated carbon. However, the re-use of regenerated activated carbon results in a steep reduction in adsorption capacity and the efficiency of dye removal becomes unpredictable and dependent on massive doses of such re-used activated carbon. Activated carbon is also very expensive and its reactivation results in 10%-15% loss of the sorbent [15][16][17].A promising method in order to overcome issues such as limited sorption capacity and regeneration is the use of materials with photocatalytic activity. Carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a metal-free organic semiconductor. This material is an attractive candidate in the field of photocatalysis due to its chemical stability, non-toxicity, straightforward preparation procedure and ability to absorb light efficiently in the visible range due to a narrow band gap (2.7 eV) [18][19][20]. g-C 3 N 4 has been used in photocatalytic applications such as water splitting [21,22], the photocatalytic degradation of air pollutants, such as NOx [23,24], water pollutants such as the dyes, rhodamine B [25][26][27], methyl orange [28], and methylene blue [29][30][31], and other industrial pollutants such as antibiotics [32] or phenols [33][34][35]. In recent years, g-C 3 N 4 was also successfully tes...

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Cranioplasty with polymethyl methacrylate implant: solutions of pitfalls

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Cranioplasty using Titanium Mesh Versus Acrylic Bone Cement: Short-term Outcomes and Complications

Cranioplasty using Titanium Mesh Versus Acrylic Bone Cement: Short-term Outcomes and Complications

Additively Manufactured Patient Specific Cranioplasty Implants with Antibacterial Properties

Design and Performance of Novel Self-Cleaning g-C3N4/PMMA/PUR Membranes

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