Craniovertebral junction: normal anatomy with MR correlation.

Schweitzer, Mark E.; Hodler, J; Cervilla, V; Resnick, D

doi:10.2214/ajr.158.5.1566672

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…They directly visualized the PAO membrane in 22 cases; they noticed that in half of the cases, the PAO membrane fused with the spinal dura mater, and in the other half, there was a distinct fat layer between the PAO membrane and spinal dura mater. Schweitzer et al 64 found that the AAO membrane had greater signal intensity than the other ligaments of the CCJ. They also noted that the fascicles of the AAO membrane radiate out and appear parallel when viewed via MR imaging.…”

Section: Imaging Of the Ligamentous Structures Of The Ccjmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…64 Adams 1 examined the victims of 21 fatal traffic accidents without craniovertebral dislocation and found 13 dural and tecto-rial membrane lesions. Farley and colleagues 20 reviewed images acquired in 3 children injured by full-frontal impact collisions and found that the tectorial membrane was injured in all.…”

Section: Imaging Of the Ligamentous Structures Of The Ccjmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ligaments of the craniocervical junction

Tubbs

Hallock

Radcliff

et al. 2011

SPI

150

125

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The specialized ligaments of the craniocervical junction must allow for stability yet functional movement. Because injury to these important structures usually results in death or morbidity, the neurosurgeon should possess a thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of these ligaments. To the authors' knowledge, a comprehensive review of these structures is not available in the medical literature. The aim of the current study was to distill the available literature on each of these structures into one offering.

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Section: Imaging Of the Ligamentous Structures Of The Ccjmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Of the Ligamentous Structures Of The Ccjmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligaments of the craniocervical junction

Tubbs

Hallock

Radcliff

et al. 2011

SPI

150

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although care was taken to establish a plane as close as possible to the plane of vertebral transection used for the CT and MR slice planes, the thickness of the slices differed between modalities (CT 0.625 mm, MRI 0.3 mm, and anatomical slices 10 mm), making direct comparison unreliable. In human (Yu et al 1991;Schweitzer et al 1992;Friedrich et al 2007) and veterinary medicine (Kneissl et al 2011), multiple descriptive studies are published correlating anatomic sections with corresponding MR and CT images to demonstrate normal and abnormal anatomy in cadavers (n 3). These studies are considered to be useful in the further development of MR and (contrast) CT to diagnose pathophysiological conditions in the spine (Yu et al 1991;Schweitzer et al 1992;Friedrich et al 2007), which will possibly be a realistic option in the future of equine diagnostic imaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as the modality of choice for diagnosing cervical spinal pathology in other species (Alafifi et al 2007;Da Costa & Parent 2007), the use of MRI in the horse will expand with future improvements in MR bore dimensions. To predict the clinical significance of cervical pathology in the horse, it is crucial to have a thorough appreciation of normal equine cervical anatomy using CT and MRI (Yu et al 1991;Schweitzer et al 1992;Friedrich et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The equine cervical spine: comparing MRI and contrast-enhanced CT images with anatomic slices in the sagittal, dorsal, and transverse plane

Sleutjens

Cooley

Sampson

et al. 2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: The impact of cervical pathology on performance is of great importance to the horse industry. Accurate diagnosis of cervical disease with imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), requires thorough appreciation of normal cervical anatomy. Objectives: (1) To describe in detail the anatomy of the equine cervical spine by comparing anatomical sections with corresponding MR and contrast-enhanced CT images in the sagittal, dorsal, and transverse plane. (2) To discuss the ability of MR and contrast-enhanced CT imaging to visualize anatomical structures in the cervical spine. Animals and methods: Three cervical spines of young adults (3À8 years), collected immediately after humane euthanasia, were used. The spine was stabilized on a frame in a natural flexed position with an angle of 20. MR and contrast-enhanced CT imaging was performed within six hours after euthanasia. Anatomical sections of 1 cm were made in the sagittal, dorsal, and transverse plane and compared with corresponding CT and MR images. The intervertebral disk thickness, facet joint angle, sagittal dural space diameter and ventromedial facet joint projection were quantified. Results: The anatomic location of clinically important structures including the facet joints, spinal cord, cervical nerve roots and intervertebral disks were reliably identified in the anatomical sections and their corresponding MR images. Contrastenhanced CT images depicted all osseous borders, whereas MR images were superior for soft tissue structures. Conclusion and clinical importance: This study enhances our understanding of normal cervical spine anatomy and the diagnostic usefulness of cervical MRI and contrast-enhanced CT in the horse.

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“…Knowledge of their normal appearance and their variations are of particular importance in determining an injured ligament. Their anatomy has been described in numerous cadaveric studies and in some anatomical studies using CT and MRI, especially MR units 1.5Tesla (T) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is suggested to be the method of choice in the evaluation of the craniocervical (CC) region and its ligaments since it provides high resolution and increased tissue characterization [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%