Craquelures dans les couches picturales des peintures d’art

Pauchard, Ludovic; Lazarus, V.; Abou, Bérengère; Sekimoto, Ken; Aitken, Genevieve; Lahanier, Christian

doi:10.1051/refdp/2007043

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Stresses also result from the deformation of the support, whether deliberately applied during restoration processes (restretching, lining) or accidentally (handling). Although mechanical stresses may result in undesirable macroscopic deformation of paintings, the main stress-related problem affecting oil paintings is the cracking of the paint layer [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paint drying and cross-linking are indeed longtime processes and extrapolation of the results to centuries old paints is uneasy. This notion suggests that for a full understanding of the mechanics of ancient paintings [2,14], it is necessary to measure the mechanical properties not only of reconstructed paints, but also of ancient paints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we focus our study on the paint multilayer itself. In the life of a painting, a primary source of stress is the tensile residual stress resulting from paint cross-linking and drying [1,2] while additional stresses arise from variation of environmental factors such as relative humidity or temperature [3][4][5][6][7]. Stresses also result from the deformation of the support, whether deliberately applied during restoration processes (restretching, lining) or accidentally (handling).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoindentation and the micromechanics of Van Gogh oil paints

Salvant

Barthel

2011

Appl. Phys. A

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Understanding the mechanical properties of ancient paintings is a major issue for conservation and restoration. One strategy is to measure the mechanical properties of reconstructed paints: however the aging process is poorly known, so it is also desirable to measure mechanical properties directly on ancient paint samples. Using nanoindentation, we have characterized submillimetric samples recovered from restoration of two Van Gogh paintings and compared the results with reconstructed paint samples. We demonstrate that the reduced modulus and hardness of historical paints can be measured at a very local scale, even differentiating between each paint layer. Our reconstructed paint samples exhibit elastic moduli comparable to literature values, but the values measured on the two 19 th century paint samples are found to be significantly larger. Similarly, the compositional dependence of the elastic modulus is consistent with literature results for our reconstructed samples while our preliminary results for ancient samples do not readily fall into the same pattern. These results all point out to a significant impact of long term aging, in a manner which is difficult to predict in our present state of understanding. They demonstrate that nanoindentation is a very adequate tool to improve our knowledge of art paint mechanics and aging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoindentation and the micromechanics of Van Gogh oil paints

Salvant

Barthel

2011

Appl. Phys. A

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“…Fractures develop successively, and each new fracture joins older fractures at a typical angle close to ninety degrees [16,17]. Such patterns are usually observed when the shrinking of a material layer is frustrated by its deposition on a non shrinking substrate, such as drying-induced cracks in mud [18,19], coffee [20], colloidal silicas [21], industrial coating [22] or artistic painting [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Frozen Impacted Drop: From Fragmentation to Hierarchical Crack Patterns

Ghabache¹,

Josserand²,

Séon³

2016

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We investigate experimentally the quenching of a liquid pancake, obtained through the impact of a water drop on a cold solid substrate (0 to −60• C). We show that, below a certain substrate temperature, fractures appear on the frozen pancake and the crack patterns change from a 2D fragmentation regime to a hierarchical fracture regime as the thermal shock is stronger. The different regimes are discussed and the transition temperatures are estimated through classical fracture scaling arguments. Finally, a phase diagram presents how these regimes can be controlled by the drop impact parameters.When molten glass drips into cold water, the outside cools -and shrinks -faster than the inside, creating pentup tension in the so-called Prince Rupert's drop, known since before 1625 to have very striking mechanical properties [1,2]. Indeed, while the drop's head stays impervious to even the strongest blows, flick the tail and the whole drop shatters in a myriad of small pieces, in less than a millisecond. In the same way, fragmentation is in fact present in many physical processes, from jet atomization to bubble bursting in fluids [3][4][5], from spaghetti breaking [6] to popping balloons [7] or broken windows in solids [8,9]. It is related to diverse applications such as comminution [10], shell case bursting [11], ash generation during eruption [12,13] or meteoric cratering [14] for instance.Fragmentation is thus a sudden process, where the considered domain mainly divides in one go, with a very fast cracks front propagation. At least as ubiquitous, there exists a complete different crack morphology where space-dividing pattern shows a strong hierarchy of slower fractures [15]. Fractures develop successively, and each new fracture joins older fractures at a typical angle close to ninety degrees [16,17]. Such patterns are usually observed when the shrinking of a material layer is frustrated by its deposition on a non shrinking substrate, such as drying-induced cracks in mud [18,19] In this paper, we investigate experimentally the quenching of a liquid pancake that is obtained through the impact of a water drop on a very cold solid substrate. We show for the first time that, as a function of the substrate temperature, the crack patterns produced by the thermal shock, change from a 2D fragmentation regime to a hierarchical fracture regime, and the transition temperatures are estimated and discussed.The experimental setup consists in dropping a drop of water, with a diameter D 0 = 3.9 mm, on a steel substrate, so as to form a liquid pancake of radius R and typical thickness h 0 (see Fig. 1). Under this simplified geometry h 0 can be estimated by balancing the volume of the drop with that of the cylindrical pancake2 . The impact velocity is close to the free fall one : U 0 ∼ √ gH where H is the falling height. Throughout most of the paper, falling height will be kept constant at H = 36 cm. Subsequent pancake radius is : R 8 mm, from which pancake thickness can be deduced : h 0 150µm. The temperature of the substrate T s is typ...

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“…1,2 On smaller scales, crack networks add an artistic flourish to Japanese raku pottery and are found on the paintings of the old masters. 3 Cracking even determines the pattern of scales on the snouts of Nile crocodiles, 4 such as the one in figure 2c.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%