Crashworthy subfloor structure of civil aircraft via inclined inward-folding composite tubes

Yu, Zhefeng; Zhou, Xiaojie; Zhou, Xiang; Zhang, Yangyang; Zhu, Qiao

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107887

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The behavior of a shock absorber without foam reinforcement was demonstrated previously in [25,26], where the internal inversion cap with 𝑅 t = 3 mm and 𝑅 f = 5 mm provided a steady crush triggering and high SEA; therefore, the same internal inversion cap began filling the cavity, thereby increasing the reaction load. The metal inversion cap and composite tube filled with foam are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Parameters Of Shock Absorbermentioning

confidence: 57%

“…By contrast, Siromani et al [24] studied the performance of CFRP tubes under the action of an inward-folding cap under quasi-static loading. Yu et al [25,26] proposed a shock absorber based on inward-folding composite laminate tubes and sandwich tubes [27]. The debris filled the hollow cavity and further increased the SEA or passed through the hole at the other end.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study proposes a shock absorber with an internal inversion cap [25][26][27], for which the SEA exceeded 80 kJ/kg under dynamic testing. Herein, the tube was filled with polymer foam to reinforce it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crash Performance of Inward-Inverting Composite Tubes Filled with Foam: Experimentation and Simulation

Yu,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study presents a novel shock absorber with an inward-inverting composite foam-filled tube. Under the compression of a pressing cap and the action of an internal inversion cap, the composite tube inverted inward. During the crushing, the fronds of the composite tube compacted the foam, thereby enhancing the energy absorption. Three types of foams were applied to the absorber, and a drop-weight impact test was performed to obtain the assessment parameters. The foam increased the specific energy absorption (SEA) of the composite tube to 103 kJ/kg. Finite-element simulation based on the user-defined material subroutine was performed for the initial failure and stable stages of the crushing, and a foam model was identified through the experimental data. The mean crush force from the simulation agreed with the experimental data, and the SEA maximum error was <7%, thus validating the crush simulation of the proposed shock absorber. The development of the damage modes of the plies was analyzed based on the simulation results, showing a good energy absorption mechanism of this shock absorber.

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Section: Parameters Of Shock Absorbermentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crash Performance of Inward-Inverting Composite Tubes Filled with Foam: Experimentation and Simulation

Yu,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…The geometry of the structure is numerous and is considered to be a crucial factor affecting energy absorption behavior. 15 The failure mechanisms of the corrugated plate, 16,17 circular tube, 18,19 square tube, 20,21 and open-section 22,23 are well revealed. The initial peak load and SEA are important indicators for crashworthiness evaluation, and their values depend to a large extent on geometric parameters such as section type and size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the bevel and steeple triggers on crashworthiness of carbon fiber-reinforced composite channel section structure

Ren

2023

Journal of Composite Materials

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To induce the progressive crushing of composite channel section structure (CCSS), the bevel and steeple trigger are proposed and designed. A nonlinear damage model considering both damage initiation and evolution of intra-ply and inter-ply is developed. The damage initiation and stiffness degradation processes of intra-ply are predicted by the maximum stress criterion and an exponential evolution law, respectively. The adhesion behavior between adjacent plies is modeled following the surface-based cohesive contact method, and the delamination failure behaviors of inter-ply are predicted using the traction-separation model. The effects of different configurations of bevel and steeple trigger on the energy absorption characteristics of CCSSs subjected to quasi-static axial loading are compared and analyzed. The results show the initial peak load of CCSS using the bevel and steeple trigger has a negative correlation function with the bevel angle. The steeple trigger can induce progressive crushing of the structure and significantly enhance the specific energy absorption (SEA).

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“…The inward folding of a round carbon-epoxy tube with a chamfered end was found to increase the specific energy absorption by 82% and lowered the initial peak loads by 60% compared to the traditional outward splaying [12]. Yu et al [13] showed how a variable structure could be utilized to flatten the force-displacement curve of inward-folding tubes if desired. In addition, heat treatment could lead to the shrinkage of the aramid fiber, which in turn induces bending mode, often resulting in up to 67% increase in energy absorption in a carbon-aramid-epoxy material system [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Dynamic Energy Absorption in Carbon/Aramid Composite Tubes with Axially Graded Impedance

Lau,

Kok,

Ul Haque

et al. 2023

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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This study investigated the effects of carbon-aramid arrangement and strain rate on crush tube energy absorption. Round composite tubes, each consisting of three layers of fabric, were made using four different carbon-aramid hybridization schemes. Hand lay-up and compression bladder molding were used in the fabrication process. In two hybridization schemes, carbon-aramid fabrics were arranged to evaluate the effect of axially graded impedance relative to the tube impact end. Static crush and low-velocity impact (LVI) tests were conducted, and the force-displacement responses, energy absorption characteristics, and failure modes were compared. Test results revealed that energy absorption was 20% to 60% higher in the low-velocity impact test than in static crush, regardless of the hybridization schemes. In both tests, material arrangement played a surprisingly important role that was comparable to the tube carbon content in energy absorption. Maximum specific energy absorption of 26.21 kJ/kg was obtained in the hybridization scheme with the low impedance at the initiator end, with increasing impedance towards the impact end. This amount of specific energy absorption is almost equivalent to the other hybridization scheme that has twice the carbon fiber content. This scheme facilitated initial damage modes that favored progressive folding in the rest of the tube. This study presents the idea of enhancing the crashworthiness of crash boxes using axially graded impedance material arrangement. It is recommended that the idea be subjected to more testing for verification and potential commercialization.

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Crashworthy subfloor structure of civil aircraft via inclined inward-folding composite tubes

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Crash Performance of Inward-Inverting Composite Tubes Filled with Foam: Experimentation and Simulation

Crash Performance of Inward-Inverting Composite Tubes Filled with Foam: Experimentation and Simulation

Influence of the bevel and steeple triggers on crashworthiness of carbon fiber-reinforced composite channel section structure

Enhanced Dynamic Energy Absorption in Carbon/Aramid Composite Tubes with Axially Graded Impedance

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