Crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical dicotyledonous trees of the genusClusia

Popp, Marianne; Krämer, D.; Lee, H.; Dı́az, Mario; Ziegler, H.; Lüttge, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/bf01816822

Cited by 87 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Exposed leaves were taken from the upper canopy of trees and from trees facing clearings or roads; shaded leaves were sampled within the canopy or in the forest understory. The data are in good agreement with those from Venezuela (Popp et al, 1987). There were no clear differences due to leafage and sampling at different times of the day (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Conversely, exposed leaves of trees were thicker than shaded leaves of C. rosea (Table 2). It was noted previously that, unlike other leafsucculent CAM plants, where leaves are uniformly composed of isodiametric and nearly spherical cells, leaves of Clusia are clearly differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma (Ting et al, 1985;Popp et al, 1987). The leaves of C. rosea sampled on St John island had 1-2 adaxial and 1 abaxial hypodermal cell layers, 2-3 palisade cell layers and a spongy parenchyma of several cell layers ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This serves firstly Ojanguren & Vasquez-Yanes (1983). Studies in the for a better understanding of the life stages and life field (Ting et al, 1985Popp et al, 1987; forms of C rosea, and secondly, as a basis for the Sternberg et al,, 1987) and in the laboratory investigation of its modes of photosynthesis (Ball (Schmitt, Lee & Luttge, 1988;Lee, Schmitt & et al,, \99\), Luttge, 1989;Franco, Ball & Luttge, 1990) (clusia with respect to both diversity of life forms and mode of photosynthesis. Chemical analyses were performed either from leaf sap or from rapidly oven-dried material.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree Clusia in the field

et al. 1991

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summary Clusia rosea Jacq. is abundant in the moist parts of the Caribbean island of St John (US Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles) but relatively rare along the dry south coast. Three types of seedlings were encountered, terrestrial seedlings, seedlings growing as humus‐epiphytes on other trees, and seedlings growing inside the tanks of the bromeliad Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker. Free‐living trees grow from terrestrial seedlings or from epiphytic seedlings strangling and shading their host trees. Leaf‐Na+ levels were always low (1–4 mequiv I−1 tissue water); trees close to the shore were not affected by salinity. In leaves of mature C. rosea trees, levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were about 60–90, 40–50, 45–55 mequiv I−1 tissue water, respectively. Epiphytic seedlings tended to contain lower levels of these inorganic cations than seedlings growing terrestrially or in the tanks of Ae. lingulata. Epiphytic seedlings contained significantly less nitrogen than terrestrial seedlings. In the leaves of mature trees N‐levels were independent of altitude and location on the island, but shaded leaves had significantly higher N‐levels than exposed leaves. Light compensation point of photosynthesis in epiphytic seedlings performing C3‐photosynthesis was 17–5 (μmol photons m−2 s−1), photosynthesis was saturated at about 300μmol photons m−2 s−1 showing a maximum rate of CO2‐uptake of 2–3 μmol m−2 s−1.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

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Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree Clusia in the field

et al. 1991

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“…Thus, at night, respiratory COz was generated from soluble sugars depleted in 13C, whereas PEP was produced from the glycolytic breakdown of 13C-enriched starch (Deléens and Gamier-Dardart, 1977;Deléens et al, 1979). In C. minor, however, the situation appears more complex with degradation of both soluble sugars and starch supplying PEP for the synthesis of malate and citrate (Table 11; Popp et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to many CAM plants, in Clusia sp. soluble sugars form the major reserve carbohydrate pool, and both malic and citric acids may be accumulated at night (Popp et al, 1988;Borland et al, 1992;Franco et al, 1992). Moreover, it has recently been suggested that partitioning of fixed carbon between various biochemical fractions during the day controls the rapid switches between C3 and CAM in Clusia uvitana (Winter et al, 1992;Zotz and Winter, Plant Physiol.…”

Section: Minormentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Isotope Composition of Biochemical Fractions and the Regulation of Carbon Balance in Leaves of the C3-Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Intermediate Clusia minor L. Growing in Trinidad

et al. 1994

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Carbon-isotope ratios (PCs) were measured for various biochemical fractions quantitatively extracted from naturally exposed and shaded leaves of the C3-Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) intermediate C h i a minor, sampled at dawn and dusk on days during the wet and dry seasons in Trinidad. As the activity of CAM increased in response to decreased availability of water and higher photon flux density, organic acids and soluble sugars were enriched in 13C by approximately 3.5 to 4%0 compared to plants sampled during the wet season. The induction of CAM was accompanied by a doubling in size of the reserve carbohydrate pools. Moreover, stoichiometric measurements indicated that degradation of both chloroplastic reserves and soluble sugars were necessary to supply phosphoenolpyruvate for the synthesis of organic acids at night.Results also suggest that two pools of soluble sugars exist in leaves of C. minor that perform CAM, one a vacuolar pool enriched in 13C and the second a transport pool depleted in 13C. Estimates of carbon-isotope discrimination expressed during CAM, derived from the trafficking among inorganic carbon, organic acids, and carbohydrate pools overnight, ranged from 0.9 to 3.1%0. The 613C of structural material did not change significantly between wet and dry seasons, indicating that most of the carbon used in growth was derived from C3 carboxylation.Clusia minor L. is a tropical dicotyledonous tree that shows extreme flexibility in regulating the relative amounts of C 0 2 fixed during the day and night in response to changes in the environment (Franco et al., 1990Borland et al., 1992Borland et al., , 1993Winter et al., 1992;Zotz and Winter, 1993). Under natural conditions, short-term changes in on-line, instantaneous A have illustrated how shifts in C3 and C4 carboxylation occur on a daily basis in C. minor, reflecting changes in environmental parameters (Borland et al., 1993). These variations in carboxylation pathway may in the first instance

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Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Organic Acid Oscillations during Transition from CAM to C3-photosynthesis inClusia minor L. (Clusiaceae)

Mattos

Lüttge

2001

Annals of Botany

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In species of Clusia, switching from C 3 -photosynthesis (C 3 -PS) to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) may be a means of optimizing water use, plant carbon balance and photon utilization during periods of stress. We ask whether, in perennial species of Clusia, the switch from CAM back to C 3 -PS is also of ecophysiological signi®cance. Our objective was to investigate the performance of C. minor L. during a short-term shift from CAM to C 3 -PS. During the transition from CAM to C 3 -PS, nocturnal malate and citrate accumulation decreased whereas CO 2 uptake increased during the daytime. However, after 7 d, marked nocturnal accumulation of citrate and 24 h CO 2 uptake occurred. In contrast to C 3 -like photosynthesis, a pronounced reduction in the eective quantum yield of photosystem II, rF/F H m , together with a sharp increase in non-photochemical quenching were observed during CAM at the beginning and end of the day. After 7 d, integrated CO 2 uptake over 24 h approximately doubled; however, water use eciency was reduced three-fold due to increased rates of daytime transpiration. Despite very similar maximum rF/F H m between CAM and C 3 -PS, the results suggest that daily photon utilization increases when there is unrestricted CO 2 uptake directly from the atmosphere. Thus, under well-watered conditions and with increased rates of transpiration, C. minor performing C 3 -like photosynthesis may overcome the limitations of the storage capacity of the vacuole for overnight organic acid accumulation, improving its daily carbon balance.# 2001 Annals of Botany Company

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Crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical dicotyledonous trees of the genusClusia

Cited by 87 publications

References 21 publications

Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree Clusia in the field

Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree Clusia in the field

Carbon-Isotope Composition of Biochemical Fractions and the Regulation of Carbon Balance in Leaves of the C3-Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Intermediate Clusia minor L. Growing in Trinidad

Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Organic Acid Oscillations during Transition from CAM to C3-photosynthesis inClusia minor L. (Clusiaceae)

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