Crater formation on the surface of metals and alloys during high power ion beam processing

Grain refinement, hardening and metastable phase formation by high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment under heating and melting modes

“…Below is found a heat-affected zone (HAZ) that extends generally over a few tens of m. Finally, a last zone resulting from the propagation of the stress wave may be present at depth far exceeding the heat-affected zone. After sufficient pulses of LEHCPEB (typically [15][16][17][18][19][20], the material hardness can be strongly increased in this zone over hundreds of m [9].…”

“…Several studies have reported on the formation of craters at metal surfaces induced by pulsed ion beams [14,15]. The formation mechanism appears simple: it is the non-homogeneity of the ion distribution within the ion beam that leads to the crater formation.…”

Wear and corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam

“…In the past two decades, high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) technique has been developed as a useful tool for the surface modification of materials [11,12]. Compared with conventional ion implantation, HIPIB irradiation into materials possesses high energy density with short pulse duration to rapidly melt and evaporate/ablate a surface layer of materials with heating and cooling rates typical of 10 8 -10 11 K/s.…”

The change in the surface topography of magnesium under high-flux C ion irradiation

“…The structural phase transformations which occur in metals and alloys under the action of highintensity pulsed beams (HIPB) of the charged and neutral particles (electrons and ions), as well as the plasma and laser irradiation have been studied for over thirty years. Nevertheless, the mechanism of formation of topography on the surface and of the defects in the near-surface layer of fusible nonferrous materials after the HIPB action is still incomprehensible [1][2][3][4][5]. It especially concerns such metals as aluminum and magnesium.…”