Crater Lake Controls on Volcano Stability: Insights From White Island, New Zealand

Hamling, I. J.

doi:10.1002/2017gl075572

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…At points coincident with WIZ and WSRZ, however, line-of-sight changes are minimal. This suggests a shallow source, with the modeled ∼100 m source depth (Hamling, 2017) consistent with depth estimates for similar uplift episodes at the volcano (Fournier & Chardot, 2012). Such episodes are thought to be related to increased pore pressures within the hydrothermal system (Fournier & Chardot, 2012).…”

Section: 1029/2018gl080580supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Following the April 2016 eruption, line-of-sight increases are recorded within the western subcrater, indicative of posteruptive subsidence (Figures 4d and S9). This contrasts with deformation observed around the lake edge, where varied behavior in ascending and descending tracks represents posteruptive slumping of the crater wall (Hamling, 2017). The timing of crater floor subsidence coincides with a rapid decline in the seismic velocity at WIZ, a recovery of the correlation coefficient at both stations, and reduced RSAM levels that resemble pre-2011 behavior (Figures 2b and 4).…”

Section: 1029/2018gl080580mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…We also process real-time seismic amplitude measurements (RSAM) and access interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data previously processed for White Island (Hamling, 2017). RSAM data are computed by band passing raw, vertical-component, seismic data-recorded at WIZ-and computing the RMS amplitude in 1-min intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic, Coseismic, and Seasonal Changes Detected at White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, Using Seismic Ambient Noise

Yates

Savage

Jolly

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Ambient noise interferometry is becoming increasingly popular for studying seismic velocity changes. Such changes contain information on the structural and mechanical properties of Earth systems. Application to monitoring, however, is complicated by the large number of processes capable of inducing crustal velocity changes. We demonstrate this at White Island volcano over a 10‐year period containing multiple well‐documented eruptions. Using individual seismic stations, we detect velocity perturbations that we ascribe to volcanic activity, large earthquakes, and seasonality. Distant seismic stations capture widespread nonvolcanic changes that are also present at the volcano. Comparison between velocity changes recorded by distant and local stations then allows us to distinguish volcanic phenomena from seasonality. Through this, we resolve distinct features in ambient noise‐derived velocity changes that relate to volcanic unrest and a phreatic eruption, illustrating the strength of the approach.

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Section: 1029/2018gl080580supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: 1029/2018gl080580mentioning

confidence: 78%

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Volcanic, Coseismic, and Seasonal Changes Detected at White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, Using Seismic Ambient Noise

Yates

Savage

Jolly

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The eruption contained no juvenile material and only redeposited the crater floor material (Kilgour et al 2019, this issue). Furthermore, Hamling (2017) used InSAR to discover that the eruption was preceded by a period of uplift. Using line-of-sight measurements Hamling (2017) recorded motions on the island ranging between 10 and 50 mm/year from June 2015 up until the time of eruption.…”

Section: Eruption History and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical examination of the 27 April 2016 Whakaari/White Island, New Zealand, eruption and its implications for vent physiognomies and eruptive dynamics

Walsh

Procter

Lokmer

et al. 2019

Earth Planets Space

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At approximately 09:36 UTC on 27 April 2016, a phreatic eruption occurred on Whakaari Island (White Island) producing an eruption sequence that contained multiple eruptive pulses determined to have occurred over the first 30 min, with a continuing tremor signal lasting ~ 2 h after the pulsing sequence. To investigate the eruption dynamics, we used a combination of cross-correlation and coherence methods with acoustic data. To estimate locations for the eruptive pulses, seismic data were collected and eruption vent locations were inferred through the use of an amplitude source location method. We also investigated volcanic acoustic-seismic ratios for comparing inferred initiation depths of each pulse. Initial results show vent locations for the eruptive pulses were found to have possibly come from two separate locations only ~ 50 m apart. These results compare favorably with acoustic lag time analysis. After error analysis, eruption sources are shown to conceivably come from a single vent, and differences in vent locations may not be constrained. Both vent location scenarios show that the eruption pulses gradually increase in strength with time, and that pulses 1, 3, 4, and 5 possibly came from a deeper source than pulses 2 and 6. We show herein that the characteristics and locations of volcanic eruptions can be better understood through joint analysis combining data from several data sources.

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“…Recently, satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have allowed us to identify displacement elds with high spatial resolution without ground-based instruments. Several studies have successfully detected coeruptive deformation associated with phreatic eruptions using satellite SAR data (e.g., Hamling 2017;Doke et al 2018;Narita and Murakami 2018). If precursors of phreatic eruptions, such as overpressure in shallow hydrothermal systems, persist for a long time, satellite SAR data can identify the precursory deformation signals of a phreatic eruption (Kobayashi et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coeruptive and posteruptive crustal deformation associated with the 2018 Kusatsu-Shirane phreatic eruption based on PALSAR-2 time-series analysis

Himematsu

Aoki

Ozawa

2020

Preprint

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Coeruptive deformation helps to interpret physical processes associated with volcanic eruptions. Because phreatic eruptions cause small, localized coeruptive deformation, we sometimes fail to identify plausible deformation signals. Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data allow us to identify extensive deformation fields with high spatial resolutions. Herein, we report coeruptive crustal deformation associated with the 2018 Kusatsu-Shirane phreatic eruption detected by time series analyses of L-band satellite SAR (ALOS-2/PALSAR-2) data. Cumulative deformation maps derived from SAR time series analyses show that subsidence and eastward displacement dominate the southwestern side of an eruptive crater with a spatial extent of approximately 2 km in diameter. Although we were unable to identify any significant deformation signals before the 2018 eruption, posteruptive deformation on the southwestern side of the crater has been ongoing until the end of 2019. This prolonged deformation implies the progression of posteruptive physical processes within a confined hydrothermal system, such as volcanic fluid discharge, similar to the processes observed during the 2014 Ontake eruption. Although accumulated snow and dense vegetation hinder the detection of deformation signals on Kusatsu-Shirane volcano using conventional InSAR data, L-band SAR with various temporal baselines allowed us to successfully extract both coeruptive and posteruptive deformation signals. The extracted cumulative deformation is well explained by a combination of normal faulting with a left-lateral slip component along a southwest-dipping fault plane and an isotropic deflation. Based on the geological background in which the shallow hydrothermal system develops across Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, the inferred dislocation plane can be considered as a degassing pathway from the shallow hydrothermal system to the surface due to the phreatic eruption. We reconfirmed that SAR data is a robust tool for detecting coeruptive and posteruptive deformations, which are helpful for understanding shallow physical processes associated with phreatic eruptions at active volcanoes.

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Crater Lake Controls on Volcano Stability: Insights From White Island, New Zealand

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Volcanic, Coseismic, and Seasonal Changes Detected at White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, Using Seismic Ambient Noise

Volcanic, Coseismic, and Seasonal Changes Detected at White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, Using Seismic Ambient Noise

Geophysical examination of the 27 April 2016 Whakaari/White Island, New Zealand, eruption and its implications for vent physiognomies and eruptive dynamics

Coeruptive and posteruptive crustal deformation associated with the 2018 Kusatsu-Shirane phreatic eruption based on PALSAR-2 time-series analysis

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