Craze-proof bromostyrene—crosslinked polyester

Marom, G.; Konieczny, N.; Mushtakel, M.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(79)90291-x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Published research articles for the study of cracks in PET bottles are very limited. Most of the research articles were about the characteristics of the fracture and cracking phenomena of the PET material itself without considering the geometry of the product 7–13. Articles concerning the bottom cracks of PET bottles have appeared in patents 14–17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom design of carbonated soft drink poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottle to prevent solvent cracking

Lyu

Youlee²

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The use of a petaloid shape for the bottom design for carbonated PET bottles is widespread. Through this study, the causes of bottom cracking were investigated and a novel petaloid bottom was designed. The variations of the physical properties of PET according to the stretch ratio were examined and the stretch ratios in the blown bottle were analyzed. Cracking phenomena of the bottom were observed by a solvent-cracking test. The effective stress and the maximum principal stress in a carbonated bottle were analyzed by computer simulation. It was concluded that the bottom crack occurs because of not only the insufficient strength of material due to the insufficient stretch of PET but also to the coarse design of the petaloid shape. The highest maximum principal stress occurred at the valley in the petaloid bottom of the bottle and this strongly affected the cracking in the bottom. The petaloid shape was redesigned to minimize the maximum principal stress, and this resulted in increasing the crack resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom design of carbonated soft drink poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottle to prevent solvent cracking

Lyu

Youlee²

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…22, No. 16 that the different formulations exhibit T , values about 30°C lower than the dry and about 60°C higher than the wet TGDDM/DDS resin, respectively. Also, by comparing the effect of the bromine-containing formulations (2-5) with that of the bromine-free analogues (6,7), it is evident again that the decrease in T, in the dry state does not result from the presence of bromine. Since epoxy resins are normally not expected to operate under completely dry conditions, the original 'dry T,' is considered less important than the 'wet T,'.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Griffith (3, 4) synthesized many brominated noncom-mercial epoxy resins and hardeners, and found that, in general, these absorbed less than the halogen-free counterparts, Eckstein (5) used a chlorinated diaminodiphenyl methane hardener to cure a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy, and found some improvement over the nonchlorinated amine, the absorption being approximately0.3 percent absolute or 15 percent nominal lower. Other examples are of reported improved humidity resistance of chlorostyrene-and bromostyrene-crosslinked polyesters (6,7 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture absorption by tetraglycidyl 4,4′ ‐diaminodiphenyl methane/4,4′‐diaminodiphenl sulfone epoxies containing brominated epoxy copolymers

Goobich

Marom

1982

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The effect on moisture absorption of introducing bromine into epoxy resins is investigated. The research is carried out with a tetraglycidyl 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane/4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone system, and compared with a reference system of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/diaminodiphenyl methane epoxy, both systems containing brominated reactive epoxy additives. The results indicate that the presence of bromine reduces drastically the rate and the maximum level of moisture absorption. The presence of bromine is shown to have only a small effect on the high‐temperature properties and on the glass‐transition temperatures of the dry resins. Moreover, due to their lower moisture absorption capacity, the glass‐transition temperatures of the wet brominated resins are higher than the counterparts of the original bromine‐free epoxies.

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Microstructure and fracture behavior of (co)injection‐molded polyamide 6 composites with short glass/carbon fiber hybrid reinforcement

Solomon

Bakar

Ishak

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The mechanical and fracture properties of injection molded short glass fiber)/short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (PA 6) hybrid composites were studied. The short fiber composites of PA 6 glass fiber, carbon fiber, and the hybrid blend were injection molded using a conventional machine whereas the two types of sandwich skincore hybrids were coinjection molded. The fiber volume fraction for all formulations was fixed at 0.07. The overall composite density, volume, and weight fraction for each formulation was calculated after composite pyrolysis in a furnace at 600°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The tensile, flexural, and single-edge notch-bending tests were performed on all formulations. Microstructural characterizations involved the determination of thermal properties, skin-core thickness, and fiber length distributions. The carbon fiber/PA 6 (CF/PA 6) formulation exhibits the highest values for most tests. The sandwich skin-core hybrid composites exhibit values lower than the CF/PA 6 and hybrid composite blends for the mechanical and fracture tests. The behaviors of all composite formulations are explained in terms of mechanical and fracture properties and its proportion to the composite strength, fiber orientation, interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix, nucleating ability of carbon fibers, and the effects of the skin and core structures. Failure mechanisms of both the matrix and the composites, assessed by fractographic studies in a scanning electron microscope, are discussed.

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Craze-proof bromostyrene—crosslinked polyester

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Bottom design of carbonated soft drink poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottle to prevent solvent cracking

Bottom design of carbonated soft drink poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottle to prevent solvent cracking

Moisture absorption by tetraglycidyl 4,4′ ‐diaminodiphenyl methane/4,4′‐diaminodiphenl sulfone epoxies containing brominated epoxy copolymers

Microstructure and fracture behavior of (co)injection‐molded polyamide 6 composites with short glass/carbon fiber hybrid reinforcement

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