CRC Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, Volume III

Booser, E. Richard

doi:10.1201/9780367802493

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Ageing stability is always related to the oxidative stability of the lubricants. The majority of the modern hydrocarbon base fluids used in diesel and gasoline engines is prone to oxidative degradation (Booser, 1997; Fox, 2010; Stachowiak and Batchelor, 2013; Pawlak, 2003; Pawlak and Klamecki, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lubricant ageing on lubricants’ physical and chemical properties and tribological performance; Part I: effect of lubricant chemistry

Cen

Morina

Neville

2018

ILT

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Purpose Ageing has been known to affect the performance of lubricants. However, there is a lot of debate as to whether ageing is beneficial or detrimental to the wear performance of lubricants. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of ageing on the viscosity, total acid number and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy information of a series of lubricants. The tribological performance (friction and wear) of the aged lubricants is also studied, followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis on the selected post-test samples to study the tribochemical features of the tribofilm. Findings The results show that ageing has a different impact on lubricants and tribological performances based on the physical and chemical properties. Originality/value These findings will be compared with the research on the role of water in lubricant ageing (Part II of this study).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lubricant ageing on lubricants’ physical and chemical properties and tribological performance; Part I: effect of lubricant chemistry

Cen

Morina

Neville

2018

ILT

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“…In practice, in the case of large-volume compression ignition (CI) engines, the operation of the motor oil is usually permitted within the range of viscosity change of a maximum ±20% compared to the viscosity of the new oil [35,51]. Another study [53] report an increase (>35%) in KV at 100 • C as a warning limit. The limit value in passenger cars is a change in viscosity of a maximum ±15% compared to the viscosity of the new oil.…”

Section: Influence Of Degradation and Contamination Of Motor Oils On ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Effect of Physicochemical Degradation and Contamination of Motor Oils on Their Lubricity

et al. 2021

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Internal combustion engine lubrication is essential for unwanted energy and material losses. As part of the experimental work, the lubricity of both new and worn motor oils of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 15W-40 and SAE 10W-40 with different American Petroleum Institute (API) performance classifications, which were taken from various motor trains during maintenance or oil change, was assessed. A total of sixteen lubricant samples were evaluated. Lubricity, i.e., the load capacity of the lubricating film, was evaluated on the basis of the Reichert test. Viscosity, as one of the most important parameters of lubricants, was evaluated by the Stabinger Viscometer. Chemical degradation of motor oils (oxidation, nitration, sulfation), contamination of oils with fuel, soot, water, and loss of antioxidant zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) were monitored by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Of the fresh motor oils, OMV 10W-40 API SL/CF motor oil had the best lubricity. URANIA LD 15W-40 API CI-4 and M7ADS V 15W-40 API CI-4 CH-4/SL oils showed similar lubricity. M7ADS III 15W-40 API CF-4/SG motor oil showed the highest wear of wear surface, i.e., the lowest lubricity, of the tested new motor oils. Correlation analysis of the experimental data confirmed that the fuel content penetrated the motor oils significantly negatively correlates with the viscosity (R = −0.87). The low water contamination in motor oil does not cause a significant negative effect on lubricity. A significant correlation between the oxidation, nitration, and sulfation products of chemical degradation of the tested oils was confirmed (R ≥ 0.90). These degradation products improve lubricity due to their polarity, i.e., they have caused better lubricity of worn oils compared to new motor oils. Even the depletion of the antioxidant ZDDP did not affect the reduction in lubricity and anti-abrasion properties of chemically degraded motor oils. The experimental results of testing of worn motor oils taken from motor trains showed that current motor oils have excellent lubricity, which they maintain throughout their life.

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“…It is generally known that antioxidants play a crucial role in extending the service life of lubricating oil by restraining the oxidation and degradation process (Rudnick, 2009;Kreivaitis et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2014). In a high-temperature friction process, antioxidant depletion and oxidized product accumulation have an obvious impact on oil lubricity (Booser, 1993;Diaby et al, 2009). Thus, it is of great significance to combine the friction test and chemical structure analysis for researching the antioxidant action and oil oxidative behavior during high temperature friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online infrared spectra detection of lubricating oil during friction process at high temperature

Jin

Duan

Wei

et al. 2018

ILT

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the tribological behavior and online infrared spectra of three types of lubricating oils containing dinonyl diphenylamine (DNDA) antioxidant, which are mineral oil (MO), poly alpha olefin (PAO) and trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO), during the friction process at high temperature (temperature rising at first and isothermal holding afterwards). Design/methodology/approach A platform of low speed four-ball tribometer equipped with a temperature controller combined with infrared spectrometer was established. MO, PAO and TMPTO base oils were mixed with 1.0 Wt.% DNDA antioxidant, coded as MOa, PAOa and TMPTOa in sequence. The friction coefficient and online infrared spectra of the oils were tested during the friction process of temperature rising at first and isothermal holding afterwards, and the wear tracks of the upper balls were measured using a confocal scanning optical microscope. Findings The results indicated that the DNDA antioxidant was depleted to reduce the generation of alcohols and carbonyl products, and the depletion rate of DNDA followed the sequence of MOa > PAOa > TMPTOa. In the temperature rising friction process, the critical transition of friction coefficient was confirmed. The addition of DNDA antioxidant reduced the temperature of the oils at the critical transition of friction coefficient, and the temperature followed the sequence of TMPTOa > PAOa > MOa. After the critical transition, the friction coefficient was first increased and then declined to a steady value; the friction coefficient of MOa increased and declined first, followed by PAOa and TMPTOa. In the steady stage of friction, there was no obvious effect of DNDA on the friction coefficient of the oils. Moreover, DNDA enhanced the wear properties of MOa and PAOa; no obvious improvement was revealed for the wear property of TMPTOa. Originality/value The established platform of low speed four-ball tribometer combined with infrared spectrometer successfully realized online testing of the structure changes of lubricating oil during high temperature friction, which can give some reference on the oxidation and friction researches of lubricating oil.

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CRC Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, Volume III

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of lubricant ageing on lubricants’ physical and chemical properties and tribological performance; Part I: effect of lubricant chemistry

Effect of lubricant ageing on lubricants’ physical and chemical properties and tribological performance; Part I: effect of lubricant chemistry

Study of the Effect of Physicochemical Degradation and Contamination of Motor Oils on Their Lubricity

Online infrared spectra detection of lubricating oil during friction process at high temperature

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