Created substrates do not fully mimic natural substrates in restoration: the occurrence of polypores on spruce logs

Komonen, Atte; Halme, Panu; Jäntti, Mari; Koskela, Tuuli; Kotiaho, Janne S.; Toivanen, Tero

doi:10.14214/sf.980

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…; Komonen et al . ). These substrate types favour common species such as F. pinicola , whose increased establishment, fruiting and spore deposition (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Ruete

Snäll

Jonsson

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary Forests are becoming increasingly fragmented world‐wide, creating forest patches with reduced area and greater exposure to human land uses along fragment edges. In this study, we predict the future impacts of anthropogenic edges and fragment size on the future occupancy of deadwood‐dwelling fungi in boreal old‐growth forest fragments. We used Bayesian models fitted to empirical data to predict 40 years of occupancy dynamics of logs by a group of old‐growth forest indicator fungi and two common fungi under different scenarios of clear‐cutting in adjacent forest (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and fragment sizes (1–20 ha). Small fragment size (1–3·14 ha) and intensified forestry with 50–100% clear‐cutting of forest around old‐growth forest fragments lead to lower predicted occupancy of old‐growth indicator fungi while common generalist species like Fomitopsis pinicola increased. There was a trade‐off between fragment size and management, where increasing fragment size buffered the negative long‐term effects from increased adjacent clear‐cutting. These changes in fungal occupancy at the edge should be accounted for when working towards conservation targets for protected areas, such as the Aichi target 11. Synthesis and applications. Preserve what is left – but buffer for change. Small forest fragments often represent the last vestiges of high habitat quality (i.e. species, structures) in managed forest landscapes. As effective area‐based conservation measures for the long‐term occupancy of old‐growth fungi, small fragments need to be managed to protect species from degrading transient edge effects. Management should focus on increasing the size of conservation areas with permanent buffer zones. Alternatively, non‐simultaneous adjacent clear‐cutting in a way that reduces the edge effect over time (i.e. dynamic buffers) may increase the effective area and improve performance of set‐asides in protecting species of special concern for conservation.

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“…; Komonen et al . ). These substrate types favour common species such as F. pinicola , whose increased establishment, fruiting and spore deposition (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Ruete

Snäll

Jonsson

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Indeed, heterogeneity of the resource plays a significant role in determining polypore species richness: For a given number of occurrences added, dead wood contained less species than natural dead wood, especially during the first years of the study. This is most likely due to low diversity of the added dead wood, in terms of, for example decay stages, which makes it a suitable resource for only a limited number of species (Komonen et al., ; Pasanen, Junninen, & Kouki, ). Thus, our results are in concert with previous work showing that in addition to abundance, habitat heterogeneity is an important factor behind species–energy relationship (Hurlbert, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species richness of polypores can be increased by supplementing dead wood resource into a boreal forest landscape

Elo

Halme

Toivanen

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. To prevent local species extinction and to counteract population declines, we must ensure species have access to resources they require for life. This can be done through ecological restoration where previously depleted resources are reintroduced. If the restoration is conducted as a one-off action in a large area, it resembles a natural resource pulse, which should lead to increased abundance of individuals, accompanied possibly by increased species richness. Species-energy relationship and underlying theory enable predictions about how different fea-

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“…To better capture all the variation in pit-and-mound microtopography, an alternative would be to artificially uproot the trees when canopy openings are created (Hekkala et al 2014). Heterogeneity should also be the target in tree-level treatments where various mortality factors are emulated; to account for the natural variation in dead wood, different methods should probably be used together, to provide substrates for species with different life-history strategies and substrate requirements (Berglund et al 2011;Eriksson et al 2013;Komonen et al 2014).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effects of disturbance-based restoration in boreal forests

Pasanen¹

2017

Diss. For.

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The degradation and disappearance of natural ecosystems and habitats -including forestsis one of the most important factors behind the current global decline in biological diversity. Since most of terrestrial biodiversity is found in forests, restoration of these ecosystems or their natural characteristics has been proposed as one of the main strategies to counteract global species loss.In this thesis, I examined the ecological effects of forest restoration in disturbancedriven boreal conditions. The applied restoration methods (prescribed burning; creation of canopy gaps; dead wood restoration) used natural forest disturbances as the reference point. Specifically, I focused on the effects that restoration has on tree species composition, ageclass structure, and the amount and diversity of dead wood in forest ecosystems. In addition to examining the changes in these structural attributes, I investigated dead-wood-associated fungal communities in the restored substrates, and assessed whether dead wood restoration could be used to conserve rare and threatened fungal species.Of the examined restoration treatments, the combination of prescribed burning and the creation of canopy gaps was found to be the most promising measure for the restoration of age-class structure and tree species composition in pine-dominated forests. Dead wood restoration -by artificially creating standing and fallen large-diameter dead trees -clearly enhanced the amount of dead wood in both pine and spruce dominated forests. Although dead wood restoration increased the abundance of fungal species in the examined forests, all aspects of the qualitative variation in dead wood was found to be difficult to restore in the short-term, since the restored dead wood was mainly in the initial stage of decomposition. The use of various restoration treatments (e.g. the creation of both standing and fallen dead wood) can compensate for some of the missing variation in fungal communities in the restored substrates.Based on my results, disturbance-based restoration produces promising results by the rapid re-introduction of some of the most important structural attributes that have been lost from forests previously managed for timber production. Although the findings in this thesis show the clear positive effects that restoration has on the re-creation of naturally occurring forest characteristics, it appears difficult to restore all the inherent variability of natural forests. A particular challenge originates from the extended time scale of the natural processes, which have created and maintained the full array of ecological structures in forests, including the generally slow processes of stand succession and wood decomposition. To build a more comprehensive understanding of the potential of forest restoration for the conservation of endangered forest-associated species, a substantially longer monitoring period of restored forests would be useful in future studies.

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Created substrates do not fully mimic natural substrates in restoration: the occurrence of polypores on spruce logs

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Species richness of polypores can be increased by supplementing dead wood resource into a boreal forest landscape

Ecological effects of disturbance-based restoration in boreal forests

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