Creatine kinase is associated with glycated haemoglobin in a nondiabetic population. The Tromsø study

Abstract

Background Creatine kinase (CK) has been associated with insulin resistance and identified as a risk marker of cardiovascular disease largely by its relationship with hypertension and increased body mass index. This study determined whether CK is a predictor of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) in a nondiabetic general population. Methods Associations between CK and the outcome variable HbA1C (%) were performed by variance and multivariate analyses in 11662 nondiabetic subjects defined as HbA1C (%) <6.5 who participated in the population based Tromsø study (Tromsø 6) in Norway. Results Abnormal elevated CK was detected in 543/11662 participants (4.66%). Mean HbA1C (%) in the “high CK” group was 5.62 (SD = 0.33) compared to 5.52 (SD = 0.36) in the “normal CK” group, P <0.001. CK increased significantly and linearly with higher levels of HbA1C (%) quartiles in women (P <0.001) and non-linearly in men (P <0.001). In a multivariate analysis, CK was independently associated with HbA1C (%) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, C-reactive protein, creatinine, alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase. A 1-unit increase in log CK was associated with a 0.17-unit increase in HbA1C (%). Conclusion These data demonstrate a positive and independent association between CK and glycated haemoglobin in a nondiabetic general population.

A case control study of the relationship between persistent serum creatine kinase elevation and polyneuropathy

“…CK correlated positively with HbA1c and glucose in the hyperCKemia group, although the statistically significant association disappeared in a multivariate analysis. This association confirms previous population-based data in non-diabetic subjects 4 , but contrasts an Asian study that showed a negative association between CK and HbA1c in a general population 35 . Elevated CK may occur in diabetes 36 and a possible biological link is previous reported relationships between CK elevation, insulin resistance and obesity, all being associated with muscle fiber type 2b activity 37 .…”

“…Serum CK was automatically analyzed within 6 h from sample withdrawals at the Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of North Norway (CK-NAC, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) with an analytic variation coefficient of ≤ 1.6%. All biochemical tests were analyzed at the same laboratory and included liver transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, serum lipids, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum creatinine, non-fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c-%), vitamin B12, folate and thyroid hormone levels 4 , 11 .…”

“…Elevated CK that occurs in about 5% of the population, normalized in 70% of the cases after a standardized control test 2 while the prevalence of persistent CK elevation (hyperCKemia) was 1.3% in a Caucasian population 3 . A report from the same population study demonstrated a positive association between CK and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in non-diabetic subjects 4 .…”

Exploring protein relative relations in skeletal muscle proteomic analysis for insights into insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

“…However, studies in both animals and humans have shown that Creatine kinase is associated with insulin resistance and has been identified as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, primarily due to its relationship with hypertension and increased body mass index 45 . It was also correlated with glycated haemoglobin in a nondiabetic general population 46 .…”