Creatine Kinase Levels During Preseason Camp in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Athletes

Smoot, M. Kyle; Cavanaugh, Joseph E.; Amendola, Annunziato; West, Douglas R.; Herwaldt, Loreen A.

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000057

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To illustrate the preceding methodology, we consider an initial ANOVA application based on three groups, where the total number of possible models is five. The data are from a study conducted to characterize levels of serum creatine kinase (CK) in college football players following strenuous athletic activity . CK is a highly sensitive yet non‐specific biomarker for skeletal muscle damage.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response variable is defined as the difference between the log‐transformed CK levels one week into training and at the outset of the camp. (Since CK levels are inherently right‐skewed, their distribution is often treated as log‐normal …”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original study employed a linear mixed model to analyze the log‐transformed CK levels collected at three time periods: the outset of the camp, three days into training, and one week into training. The primary analytical objectives were to determine how CK levels in college football players temporally change during pre‐season camp, and how CK levels may be related to demographic variables.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian multiple comparisons and model selection

Neath

Flores

Cavanaugh

2017

WIREs Computational Stats

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The testing of multiple hypotheses is an important consideration in many statistical analyses. A theme for multiple comparisons problems under a frequentist paradigm is the need for an adjustment to control the overall error probability for the false detection of null effects. Our review will focus on Bayesian approaches to multiple comparisons problems. Under a Bayesian paradigm, multiplicity adjustments arise from a concern that many of the effects to be tested are null. We will discuss how Bayesian models provide a multiplicity adjustment through a prior placing increased probability on null effects, or through hierarchical modeling. We will also show how the Bayesian information criterion for model selection fits naturally into the study of multiple comparisons problems.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian multiple comparisons and model selection

Neath

Flores

Cavanaugh

2017

WIREs Computational Stats

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“…Another ramification of rhabdomyolysis is the UI study of creatine kinase (CK) levels during a preseason football camp (11). After studying the Hawkeye team ER in January 2011 (10), the question was, ''What CK levels are expected from football training?''…”

Section: Litigation and Lessons From Hawkeye Team Rhabdomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most telling comparison, however, is that between CK levels from football camp in August 2011 and those from the ER outbreak in January 2011 (10,11). CK levels in summer camp tended to be low, but those after the winter workout were high.…”

Section: Litigation and Lessons From Hawkeye Team Rhabdomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramifications of Rhabdomyolysis

Eichner¹

2014

Current Sports Medicine Reports

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Muscle Damage, Soreness, and Stress During Preseason Training in Collegiate Swimmers

Rusnak

VanderMeulen

Byrd

et al. 2021

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Background: In 2014, 6 collegiate swimmers were hospitalized for symptomatic exertional rhabdomyolysis. Objective: To serially monitor and assess relationships between skeletal muscle membrane disruption, upper body soreness (UBS) and lower body soreness (LBS), and stress during the first 6 weeks (timepoints) of preseason training in collegiate male and female swimmers. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: College/university. Participants: Forty swimmers. Independent Variables: Upper and lower body soreness rating (0-10); testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and T/C ratio. Main Outcome Measures: Creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (over time) versus independent variables. Results: Weekly training load consisted of ∼87% swimming, ∼5% running, and ∼8% weight training, which increased from 15.8 hours to 20.5 total training hours per week over the first 6 weeks of training. Muscle damage in collegiate swimmers was modest and peaked after the first week of training (week 2) for men (CK = 438 ± 259 U/L; P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.28; myoglobin = 47 ± 18 ng/mL; P = 0.001; r2 = 0.22) and women (CK = 446 ± 723 U/L; P < 0.01; r2 = 0.13; myoglobin = 63 ± 140 ng/mL, not significant) with high variability. Data were presented as peak mean ± SD, significant P value, and r2 from repeated-measures analysis of variance. A temporal disconnect was noted between muscle damage and UBS, which peaked at week 5 in both men (5 ± 2; P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.44) and women (6 ± 2; P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.57). The serum cortisol level decreased over time, which peaked at week 1 (baseline) in men (15 ± 6 μg/dL; P = 0.0004; r2 = 0.38) and women (19 ± 10 μg/dL; P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.49). The testosterone level remained unchanged, which promoted an anabolic hormonal environment that peaked at week 6 (increasing T/C ratio) in men (58 ± 32; P = 0.0003; r2 = 0.31) and women (4 ± 3; P = 0.04; r2 = 0.18) despite gradual increases in training and soreness. Conclusions: Muscle soreness does not parallel muscle membrane disruption. A 1-week “transition” period is required for muscles to adapt to intense/novel training.

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Creatine Kinase Levels During Preseason Camp in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Athletes

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Bayesian multiple comparisons and model selection

Bayesian multiple comparisons and model selection

Ramifications of Rhabdomyolysis

Muscle Damage, Soreness, and Stress During Preseason Training in Collegiate Swimmers

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