Communication is a complex, multifaceted process through which people and organizations exchange information; form and dispute understandings; organize and coordinate activities; influence one another; create communities; and generate, maintain, and undermine beliefs, values, perspectives, symbols, and ideologies, among other things. Depending on which of these one concentrates on, communication will be defined and studied differently (Deetz, 2001). Despite difficulties in pinning it down, there is also little doubt of the importance of communication in organizations. Communication is the glue that holds organizations together, and the communication structure is the organizational nervous system. Simon (1976), for instance, argued that organizational structures were simply the sum total of communicative relationships among organizational members.In the first major section of this chapter, we discuss some general considerations about the nature and structure of communication in organizations. We first consider several different viewpoints on the nature of communication in organizations. Then we turn to the structure of communication in organizations, particularly in terms of communication networks and their properties. Following this, we discuss different media of organizational communication and their impacts on the communication process.Taking these general concepts into account, the second major section of this chapter considers the state of current knowledge concerning six core organizational communication processes: (a) command, control, and coordination; (b) socialization, assimilation, and identification; (c) decision making; (d) participation, empowerment, and domination; (e) culture, community, and support; and (f) interorganizational communication. The role and function of communication in each of these core processes is discussed.Finally, in the conclusion, we touch briefly on general trends and future directions for the study of communication in organizations.
THE NATURE OF COMMUNICATION IN ORGANIZATIONSThis section first considers the nature of communication and how it is studied. Following this, we consider the structure of communication and media of communication in organizations.