A s the study of diseases in populations, epidemiology falls squarely within the purview of occupational health psychology (OHP). For some occupational health psychologists, the methods and content of an epidemiological approach to research questions will be well understood. For others, whose scholarship deals more in the clinical or experimental domains, the methods and approach will be less familiar. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a primer of sorts for the latter audience and perhaps serve as a refresher for the former.
WHAT IS EPIDEMIOLOGY?The derivation of the word epidemiology is from the Greek epi (upon), demos (people), and logos (the study of). A fairly technical and broad definition of epidemiology is "the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems" (Porta, 2008, cited in Celentano & Szklo, 2019. A basic premise of epidemiology is that diseases and health are not randomly distributed in populations (Celentano & Szklo, 2019). We can use epidemiological methods to learn about these population differentials and use that information to inform interventions to improve health outcomes and help eliminate disparities. Who gets sick, who stays well, and why? And what might