Creating false memories of infancy with hypnotic and non-hypnotic procedures

Spaños, Nicholas P.; Burgess, Cheryl; Burgess, Melissa F.; Samuels, Catherine; Blois, William O.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0720(199906)13:3<201::aid-acp565>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…by showing that people can develop distorted beliefs and memories about highly implausible or impossible events (Braun, Ellis, & Loftus, 2002;Mazzoni, Loftus & Kirsch, 2001;Mazzoni & Memon, 2003;Spanos, Burgess, Burgess, Samuels, & Blois, 1999). One procedure used to address such concerns in memory implantation studies is to ask participants' family members whether, to their knowledge, the participants ever experienced the false event(s).…”

Section: Potential Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies

Scoboria

Wade

Lindsay

et al. 2016

Memory

156

119

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(2016) A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies. Memory, 25 (2). pp. 146-163. Permanent WRAP URL:http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/83729 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. In Press, Memory, November 9, 2016. This is not the official copy of record; the final published version may differ slightly.Author note: Please direct correspondence to A. Scoboria, Department of Psychology, 401 Sunset, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N9B 3P4, scoboria@uwindsor.ca; K. Wade, Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom, K.A.Wade@warwick.ac.uk; S. Lindsay, Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria BC, Canada,V8W 2Y2, slindsay@uvic.ca. This research was supported by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to the first author (RGPIN/327570−2012). The authors thank the many research assistants who contributed to this research. RUNNING HEAD: Mega-analysis of False Memory Reports… 2 AbstractUnderstanding that suggestive practices can promote false beliefs and false memories for childhood events is important in many settings (e.g., psychotherapeutic, medical, legal). The generalizability of findings from memory implantation studies has been questioned due to variability in estimates across studies. Such variability is partly due to false memories having been operationalized differently across studies and to differences in memory induction techniques. We explored ways of defining false memory based on memory science and developed a reliable coding system that we applied to reports from eight published implantation studies (N=423). Independent raters coded transcripts using seven criteria: accepting the suggestion, elaboration beyond the suggestion, imagery, coherence, emotion, memory statements, and not rejecting the suggestion. Using this scheme, 30.4% of cases were classified as false memories and another 23% wer...

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Section: Potential Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies

Scoboria

Wade

Lindsay

et al. 2016

Memory

156

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is an extensive literature showing that fantasy proneness, dissociation, and/or cognitive failures predict an individual's tendency to develop pseudomemories (e.g. Candel, Merckelbach, & Kuijpers, 2003;Hyman & Billings, 1998;Ost, Vrij, Costall, & Bull, 2002;Winograd, Peluso, & Glover, 1998; but see also Spanos, Burgess, Burgess, Samuels, & Blois, 1999). It should be noted that these traits overlap to some extent (Kihlstrom, Glisky, & Angiulo, 1994;Merckelbach, Horselenberg, & Muris, 2001).…”

Section: False Confessions In the Lab 63mentioning

confidence: 99%

False confessions in the lab: Do plausibility and consequences matter?

Horselenberg

Merckelbach

Smeets

et al. 2006

Psychology, Crime & Law

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The present paper describes three studies that examined false confessions in the laboratory. Studies 1 (N0/56) and 2 (N0/9) relied on the by now classic computer crash paradigm introduced by Kassin and Kiechel (Psychological Science , 7 , 125 Á/128, 1996). Study 3 (N0/12) employed a novel paradigm in which undergraduate participants were falsely accused of exam fraud. Our data indicate that false confessions do occur, even when conditions become more ecologically valid. Furthermore, we explored whether individual differences in compliance, suggestibility, fantasy proneness, dissociation, and cognitive failures are related to false confessions. Of these, only fantasy proneness was associated with false confessions.

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“…Our method involved a variation of the false-feedback technique (9). In false-feedback studies, the investigator gathers data from subjects and then plies them with misinformation about the meaning of their data (10,11). In our particular version of the false-feedback technique, we gathered a mass of data from subjects and later told them that their individual data had been analyzed by a sophisticated computer and a profile of their early childhood food experiences had been generated.…”

Section: The Consequences Of False Beliefmentioning

confidence: 99%

False beliefs about fattening foods can have healthy consequences

Bernstein

Laney

Morris

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We suggested to 228 subjects in two experiments that, as children, they had had negative experiences with a fattening food. An additional 107 subjects received no such suggestion and served as controls. In Experiment 1, a minority of subjects came to believe that they had felt ill after eating strawberry ice cream as children, and these subjects were more likely to indicate not wanting to eat strawberry ice cream now. In contrast, we were unable to obtain these effects when the critical item was a more commonly eaten treat (chocolate chip cookie). In Experiment 2, we replicated and extended the strawberry ice cream results. Two different ways of processing the false suggestion succeeded in planting the false belief and producing avoidance of the food. These findings show that it is possible to convince people that, as children, they experienced a negative event involving a fattening food and that this false belief results in avoidance of that food in adulthood. More broadly, these results indicate that we can, through suggestion, manipulate nutritional selection and possibly even improve health.false memory ͉ nutritional selection ͉ food preferences ͉ suggestion W hat if your first taste of a fattening food, like strawberry ice cream, had caused queasiness? Might you avoid strawberry ice cream now? Although we cannot change the past, we can change how people remember the past. The present work shows how changing memory also can change behavior.

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Creating false memories of infancy with hypnotic and non-hypnotic procedures

Cited by 48 publications

References 43 publications

A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies

A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies

False confessions in the lab: Do plausibility and consequences matter?

False beliefs about fattening foods can have healthy consequences

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