Creating immunocompromised districts

Verruca Vulgaris Occurring on a Tattoo: Case Report and Review of Tattoo-Associated Human Papillomavirus Infections

“…The cutaneous infections can result from bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, protozoan, spirochetal, and viral etiologies. Viral infections include those caused by human papillomavirus: verruca vulgaris, verruca plana, and epidermodysplasia verruciform [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…The alteration in either humoral immunity or cell-mediated immunity or both provides an increased propensity for previously existing or concurrently inoculated (during the application of the tattoo) or subsequently acquired human papillomavirus infection to eventually manifest as clinical warts [3,[10][11][12].…”

“…Tattoo-associated verruca plana have been described in 14 patients ranging in onset age from 20 to 48 years (median, 30 years) (Table 3) [1,3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The flat warts were diagnosed at ages ranging from 20 to 48 years (median, 33 years) in the five men and between the age of 21 and 39 years (median, 27 years) in the three women.…”

“…Case 9-14: over a 10-year period (2000-2010), seven cases (including case 4) of verruca located in black tattoo ink were observed in one solo private practice in the United States [11,12].…”

“…The number of flat warts was most frequently described as multiple (four patients). A 21-year-old man had 150 lesions, a 33-year-old man had 120 lesions, a 36-year-old man had 100s of verruca plana, and a 48-yearold man had more than two lesions (Table 4) [1,3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. a Case 8: investigators reported human papillomavirus-induced cutaneous verruca plana (flat warts) presenting as multiple, 1-4 mm, skin-colored papules following the ink pattern of a feather-shaped tattoo [18].…”