“…More specifically, all three dimensions of the professional teaching competence, including professional knowledge, designing teaching competence, and implementing teaching competence, had progressed after the intervention. This result corresponds to that of previous research that active learning was beneficial for student teachers as it helped them to understand and develop their professional knowledge (Niiranen et al, 2020;Demirci & Akcaalan, 2020;Ishii, 2017) and improve their teaching competence (Togimin & Jaafar, 2020;Niemi et al, 2016), e.g., developing their teaching materials (Laksana et al, 2019) and implementing and practicing the theories they have learned (Namli AltKaraaslan, 2019).…”