The article investigates the increasingly important connections between the private sector and nature conservation agencies. It looks specifically at the connections between two important philanthropists, the late Anton Rupert, a South African business tycoon, and the late Prince Bernhard of The Netherlands. Both have been highly successful in raising funds for nature conservation, and marketing the idea of transfrontier conservation. This paper explores the networks they formed and were part of to try and explain how they were able to do so. It also attempts to analyse how their donations and fund raising have shaped thinking about nature conservation in (southern) Africa. This contribution to the theme issue on capitalism and conservation focuses precisely on the background of the two protagonists, the development of Anton Rupert from humble beginnings to become a successful businessman and "oracle of trademarks" (Domisse 2005:15), and the increasing interconnectedness of Rupert's and Bernhard's networks which they used for their fundraising activities. The article explores the ways in which their background and social connections influenced the way they perceived nature and nature conservation, and how this in turn influenced nature conservation practices in southern Africa. The aim is not to "expose" the two men, but rather to increase our understanding of the way in which capitalism and conservation interact (see Brockington, Duffy and Igoe 2008), how philanthropy enhances corporate images and business, and how business (networks) influence(s) conservation.
Capitalism and Conservation, the Role of PhilanthropyTracing the history of philanthropy, Lässig (2004) shows how at the end of the nineteenth century, members of the newly emerging bourgeoisie C