Creative utilization of natural nanocomposites: nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon for a high-performance sodium ion battery

Liu, Huan; Jia, Mengqiu; Yue, Shufang; Cao, Bin; Zhu, Qizhen; Sun, Ning; Xu, Bin

doi:10.1039/c7ta01891f

Cited by 82 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Various types of materials including carbons, [9][10][11][12][13] oxides/ sulfides, [14][15][16] alloys, [17,18] and phosphorous [19][20][21] have been investigated as anodes for SIBs. Among these materials, hard carbons (HCs) with an amorphous structure and a large interlayer distance are considered the most promising anode materials for practical applications due to their high capacity, low cost, abundance, and nontoxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended “Adsorption–Insertion” Model: A New Insight into the Sodium Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbons

Sun

Guan

Liu

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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354

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Hard carbons (HCs) are promising anodes of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high capacity, abundance, and low cost. However, the sodium storage mechanism of HCs remains unclear with no consensus in the literature. Here, based on the correlation between the microstructure and Na storage behavior of HCs synthesized over a wide pyrolysis temperature range of 600–2500 °C, an extended “adsorption–insertion” sodium storage mechanism is proposed. The microstructure of HCs can be divided into three types with different sodium storage mechanisms. The highly disordered carbon, with d002 (above 0.40 nm) large enough for sodium ions to freely transfer in, has a “pseudo‐adsorption” sodium storage mechanism, contributing to sloping capacity above 0.1 V, together with other conventional “defects” (pores, edges, heteroatoms, etc.). The pseudo‐graphitic carbon (d‐spacing in 0.36–0.40 nm) contributes to the low‐potential (<0.1 V) plateau capacity through “interlayer insertion” mechanism, with a theoretical capacity of 279 mAh g−1 for NaC8 formation. The graphite‐like carbon with d002 below 0.36 nm is inaccessible for sodium ion insertion. The extended “adsorption–insertion” model can accurately explain the dependence of the sodium storage behavior of HCs with different microstructures on the pyrolysis temperature and provides new insight into the design of HC anodes for SIBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended “Adsorption–Insertion” Model: A New Insight into the Sodium Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbons

Sun

Guan

Liu

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

354

320

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“…The average CE of the NC/NF samples is about 100 % from the 10th cycle to the1000th cycle. As shown in Figure d, the impressive rate performance of NC/NF‐800 outperforms many reported nitrogen‐doping carbon anodes for SIBs …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…To gain an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism of the charge storage process, the 50th cycle potential profiles (Figure a) of NC/NF‐700, NC/NF‐800, NC/NF‐900, and C/NF‐800 electrodes are analyzed in a range from 0.01 to 3.0 V at 0.2 Ag −1 . According to previous studies, the mechanism of sodium storage for hard carbon could be divided into the Na + intercalation/deintercalation between graphene‐like interlayers at lower potentials (below 0.1 V), corresponding to the plateau region, and the electro‐adsorption/desorption into active sites and defects at higher potentials (above 0.1 V), relating to the sloping region . The voltage profiles suggest that NC/NF samples present both an extended sloping region and a plateau region, while C/NF‐800 sample only shows a sloping region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the first cycle, the broad reduction peak at around 0.5 V for all samples was ascribed to the electrolyte decomposition on the carbon surface and formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. In the subsequent cycles, the broad reduction peak disappeared, suggesting good reversibility of the samples in the following cycles . Each curve presents a sharp pair of redox peaks located at around 0.1 V for the NC/NFs, which are associated with the intercalation/deintercalation of Na + into graphene‐like planes .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Figure g∼i displays the N 1s high resolution XPS spectrum of NC/NF‐700, NC/NF‐800, and NC/NF‐900. The N 1s region of all samples can be deconvoluted into four components at around 398.2, 399.6, 400.3, and 403.7 eV, assigning to pyridinic‐nitrogen (N‐6), pyrrolic‐nitrogen (N‐5), quaternary‐nitrogen (N−Q), and oxidized‐nitrogen (N−O), respectively . Evidently, the nitrogen configurations have significant influences on the activity and structure of carbon materials .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen‐Doped Hard Carbon on Nickel Foam as Free‐Standing Anodes for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Huang

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Nitrogen‐doped hard carbon on Ni foam (NC/NF) with numerous active sites, expanded interlayer distance (0.49 nm), and highly ordered pseudo‐graphic structure is synthesized by a melamine‐assisted hydrothermal pretreatment and subsequent pyrolysis procedure. The high content configurations of pyrrolic‐nitrogen and pyridinic‐nitrogen in NC/NF could provide abundant active sites and defects for efficient Na+ adsorption/desorption and improved transport kinetics. The obvious flocculent structures on carbon surface, corresponding to the highly ordered pseudo‐graphic structure, could enhance the transport kinetics for electrons. The strong electrostatic repulsion of pyrrolic‐nitrogen could expand interlayer distance, facilitating Na+ insertion/extraction process. The balance between high nitrogen content and sufficient graphitization degree comes into strong carbon frameworks with enhanced structural stability and electronic conductivity. When served as free‐standing anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), NC/NF presents high rate capability of 128.5 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, and excellent cycling stability of 225.4 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles under high current density of 5 A g−1. These results demonstrate a new light to prepare advanced anodes for SIBs.

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Tailoring 2D Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Dominated Pseudocapacitive Behaviors Enabling Fast and High‐Performance Sodium Storage

Jin

Wang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

112

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2D carbon nanosheets are considered to be promising candidates for use as sodium ion battery (SIB) anodes due to their large specific surface area and excellent electronic conductivity. However, their applications are hampered by inferior cycling performance, insufficient storage capacity, and high cost. N, B co‐doping carbon nanosheets (NBTs) are synthesized using biomass‐based gelatin as carbon precursor and boric acid as template, and demonstrate their great potential as high‐performance SIB anodes in practical applications. The synergistic effect of heteroatom doping and ultrathin 2D structure provides the NBTs with abundant defects, active sites, and short ion/electron transfer distance, which favors and improves the storage capabilities and rate performances. The optimized NBTs present a remarkable cyclability and superb rate capability (309 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 for 200 cycles; 225 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 for 2000 cycles). Meanwhile, the Na storage mechanism is proved to be a pseudocapacitive‐controlled process, which accounts for the fast charge/discharge behaviors. This work demonstrates an effective template method to produce 2D heteroatoms co‐doping carbon nanosheets to achieve excellent Na storage performances.

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Creative utilization of natural nanocomposites: nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon for a high-performance sodium ion battery

Abstract: By creatively utilizing natural inorganic/organic nanocomposites, shrimp skin byproduct was easily converted to nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon, a promising anode material that showed excellent electrochemical performance for sodium ion batteries.

Cited by 82 publications

References 43 publications

Extended “Adsorption–Insertion” Model: A New Insight into the Sodium Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbons

Extended “Adsorption–Insertion” Model: A New Insight into the Sodium Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbons

Nitrogen‐Doped Hard Carbon on Nickel Foam as Free‐Standing Anodes for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Tailoring 2D Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Dominated Pseudocapacitive Behaviors Enabling Fast and High‐Performance Sodium Storage

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