“…The 3-I model consists of the phases Inspiration, Ideation, and Implementation, while the HCD model focuses on Hearing, Creating, and Delivering. The model by the Hasso-Plattner Institute, on the other hand, comprises the phases Understand, Observe, Point of View, Ideate, Prototype, and Test, while the SDT model consists of the four phases Exploration, Creation, Reflection, and Implementation (ibid).An explanation of the models can be found in Tschimmel (2012). Furthermore, the current model of the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford should be mentioned (Alhazmi and Huang, 2020), which consists of the steps Emphasize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test (Plattner, 2010).…”