The fully executed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ Ras/MEK/ERK pathway serves a pro-survival role in renal epithelia under moderate oxidative stress. We and others have demonstrated that during severe oxidative stress, however, the activated EGFR is disconnected from ERK activation in cultured renal proximal tubule cells and also in renal proximal tubules after ischemia/reperfusion injury, resulting in necrotic death. Studies have shown that the tyrosine-phosphorylated p46/52 isoforms of the ShcA family of adaptor proteins connect the activated EGFR to activation of Ras and ERK, whereas the p66 shc isoform can inhibit this p46/52 shc function. Here, we determined that severe oxidative stress (after a brief period of activation) terminates activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway, which coincides with ERK/JNK-dependent Ser 36 phosphorylation of p66shc . Isoform-specific knockdown of p66 shc or mutation of Ser 36 to Ala, but not to Asp, attenuated severe oxidative stress-mediated ERK inhibition and cell death in vitro. Also, severe oxidative stress (unlike ligand stimulation and moderate oxidative stress, both of which support survival) increased binding of p66 shc to the activated EGFR and Grb2. This binding dissociated the SOS1 adaptor protein from the EGFR-recruited signaling complex, leading to termination of Ras/MEK/ERK activation. Notably, Ser 36 phosphorylation of p66 shc and its increased binding to the EGFR also occurred in the kidney after ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. At the same time, SOS1 binding to the EGFR declined, similar to the in vitro findings. Thus, the mechanism we propose in vitro offers a means to ameliorate oxidative stress-induced cell injury by either inhibiting Ser 36 phosphorylation of p66 shc or knocking down p66 shc expression in vivo.