Creep of Ice Containing Dispersed Fine Sand

Hooke, Roger LeB.; Dahlin, B.; Kauper, Michael T.

doi:10.1017/s0022143000022309

Cited by 180 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As expected, the inclusion of solid particles has a pronounced effect on rheology, most typically by strengthening the ice and increasing the viscosity (e.g. Hooke et al, 1972). Under certain conditions, however, as evidenced both in nature (e.g.…”

Section: Effect Of Solid Impuritiessupporting

confidence: 57%

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Hudleston

2015

Journal of Structural Geology

112

139

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Glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps represent tectonic systems driven by gravity. Their movement can be studied in real time and the rheological properties and strength of ice determined from laboratory experiments and field measurements. All glacial ice has primary stratification, exhibited by variations in grain size, bubble content and debris content. As it deforms, with deformation dominated by plastic flow and recrystallization, accompanied locally by fracture under tension,, a suite of structures develops that reflects the primary fabric of the ice and the anisotropy that develops as a result of cumulative deformation. Initial variations in solid impurity content and strain dependent anisotropy as a result of a crystallographic fabric give rise to effective viscosity increases or decreases compared to isotropic polycrystalline ice of about a factor of ten. Foliation develops from inherited (mostly stratification) or introduced (mostly ice veins or fracture traces) fabric elements and from dynamic recrystallization. It is largely dependent on the accumulated strain, which is highest at the base and near the margins of glaciers, ice

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Section: Effect Of Solid Impuritiessupporting

confidence: 57%

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Hudleston

2015

Journal of Structural Geology

112

139

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“…Notwithstanding the above, we wish to emphasize that the data presented do not preclude the possibility of localized shear along established IDL; however, they are first formed. In fact, the discrete rheological contrasts presented by debris‐laden IDL [ Arenson et al ., ; Colaprete and Jakosky , ] in otherwise clean glacier ice would provide preferred planes for differential shear under longitudinal compressive stress [ Hooke et al ., ]. Thus, shear and enhanced vertical transport may occur along some of the IDL's in Mullins and Friedman Glaciers [e.g., Shean and Marchant , ], but this does not imply that they formed by this mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold‐based debris‐covered glaciers: Evaluating their potential as climate archives through studies of ground‐penetrating radar and surface morphology

et al. 2014

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We describe the morphology and internal structure of Mullins and Friedman Glaciers, two cold-based, debris-covered alpine glaciers that occur in neighboring valleys in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Both glaciers are overlain by a single, dry supraglacial debris layer (8-75 cm thick); each mantling debris layer is marked with near-identical patterns of arcuate ridges and steps, as well as corresponding changes in bulk grain size, meter-scale surface topography, and thermal contraction crack polygons. Results from 24 km of ground-penetrating radar data show that the ice within the uppermost 1-2 km of Mullins and Friedman Glaciers is essentially free of englacial debris (<1% by volume) but thereafter is interspersed with bands of englacial debris (each <3 m thick and dipping up glacier) that intersect the ice surface at all major surface ridges and steps. The similarity in number and pattern of englacial debris bands and corresponding surface ridges and steps across both glaciers, along with model results and observations that call for negligible basal entrainment, is best explained by episodic environmental change at valley headwalls. Our working hypothesis is that layers of englacial debris originate as supraglacial lags that form in ice-accumulation areas during times of reduced net ice accumulation; following renewed net ice accumulation, these lags are subsequently buried by snow and ice, flow englacially, and intersect the ice surface to impart distinctive changes in the texture of supraglacial debris and topographic relief. The implication is that the englacial structure and surface morphology of these cold-based, debris-covered glaciers preserves a consistent record of climate and environmental change.

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“…Many investigators [5,7,17, have found that the compressive strength of frozen soil is greatly dependent on its overall moisture content. Compressive strength increased with increasing moisture content.…”

Section: Fig 10-facing Specimen Ends On the Lathe Using Special Holdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Transportation, Preparation, and Storage of Frozen Soil Samples for Laboratory Testing

Baker

1976

Soil Specimen Preparation for Laboratory Testing

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC ASTM Special Technical Publication, 599, pp. 88-112, 1976-06 Transportation, preparation and storage of frozen soil samples for laboratory testing Baker, T. H. W. ABSTRACT: Increased wnstruction activities in cold regions require a better understanding of the behavior of frozen soil. Although in sihr testing procedum are king improved or developed, the highly variable and complicated conditicms usually encountered in the field make ir difficult to formulate interpretations that are useful in practice. Controlled laboratory tests on frozen soils arc helpful, therefore, in determining behavior indicative of diverse field conditions and will assist in establishing design information. This paper is a review of the procedures used and the difficulties encountered in the transportation, preparation, and storage of naturally and artificially frozen soil samples required for testing in the laboratory. The effective control of sample disturbance by temperature variation and sublimation and the need for further investigation as to their effect on the mechanical properties of frozen soil are discussed.KEY WORDS: soils, frozen soils, transportation, preparation, preserving, sublimation, thermal degradation, mechanical properties, laboratory testsProcedures for transporting, preparing, and storing the naturally and artificially frozen soil samples that are required for laboratory testing are still in the formative stages. This paper reviews the current practices used for naturally frozen field samples from the time of sampling, and for artificially prepared laboratory samples from the start of the molding operation. A review of the literature is included, as well as the experiences of industry, university groups, and government departments and agencies.

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Creep of Ice Containing Dispersed Fine Sand

Cited by 180 publications

References 16 publications

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Cold‐based debris‐covered glaciers: Evaluating their potential as climate archives through studies of ground‐penetrating radar and surface morphology

Transportation, Preparation, and Storage of Frozen Soil Samples for Laboratory Testing

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