Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Mehlich‐3 Soil Test Phosphorus Requirements

Kreuser, William C.; Pagliari, Paulo; Soldat, Douglas J.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0416

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another study reported creeping bentgrass putting green quality in calcareous sand was not improved by Olsen-P values >3 mg kg −1 (Johnson et al, 2003). Similarly, Kreuser et al (2012) determined critical M3P values for putting green quality in established creeping bentgrass to be between 6 and 11 mg kg −1 . Research on perennial ryegrass response under various soil P concentrations is scant.…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Phosphorus influences annual bluegrass competitiveness at seeding in perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass

McNally

Elmore

Kowalewski

et al. 2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Annual bluegrass (AB; Poa annua L.) infestation is aided by phosphorus (P), but there is no information evaluating the effect of P on AB encroachment into turfgrass at seeded establishment. We hypothesized AB seedling survival and vigor will increase with P rates, compromising establishment of desired turfgrass species.Greenhouse pot studies evaluated the effect of P application rate on AB establishment or cover when seeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. '007'). Two experimental runs were repeated in time. In perennial ryegrass, five P rates (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 kg P ha −1 ) and two cultivars ('Black Cat II' and 'Home Run LS') were tested in sand media (11 mg kg −1 Mehlich-3 extractable P). In creeping bentgrass, five P rates (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 kg P ha −1 ), which were modified in the second run (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 kg P ha −1 ), were tested in sand media (3 mg kg −1 Mehlich-3 extractable P). Regardless of cultivar, AB establishment in perennial ryegrass improved when P was applied and was 90% of maximum at 1.7 kg P ha −1 . In creeping bentgrass, both AB and creeping bentgrass cover increased when P was applied and AB was 90% of maximum at 12.1 kg P ha −1 . Creeping bentgrass cover was not compromised by P application rates as low as 6.25 kg ha −1 . Phosphorus enhances AB cover from seed when sown with perennial ryegrass or creeping bentgrass seed in low P soils.

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Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similarly, Kreuser et al. (2012) determined critical M3P values for putting green quality in established creeping bentgrass to be between 6 and 11 mg kg −1 . Research on perennial ryegrass response under various soil P concentrations is scant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phosphorus influences annual bluegrass competitiveness at seeding in perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass

McNally

Elmore

Kowalewski

et al. 2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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“…These findings provide no evidence that soil testing is associated with nutrient conservation under golf course conditions. Soil testing is intended to provide an evidence-based method of managing nutrients, but most turfgrass soil testing research has been conducted using greenhouses or smallscale field studies (Guevara 2021;Kreuser et al 2012;Liu et al 2008). It is unknown why soil testing was associated with increased nutrient rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the Mehlich-3 extractant was the most common evidence-based extractant used for P analysis on United States golf facilities in 2021 (Table10). Critical Mehlich-3 P values as low as 5 ppm have been reported for cool-season turfgrasses(Kreuser et al 2012), and P values more than 10 ppm have been reported for warm-season turfgrasses(Liu et al 2008) [converted from Mehlich-I P values according toMylavarapu et al (2020)]. Therefore, golf facilities may reduce or potentially eliminate P 2 O 5 applications with little concern for turfgrass quality as long as the soil Mehlich-3 P concentration is greater than the critical minimum, which is likely between 5 and 20 ppm for established turfgrass.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Use and Management Practices on United States Golf Courses

Shaddox

Unruh

Johnson

et al. 2023

hortte

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Nutrient use on United States golf courses increases management costs and has the potential to influence ecosystems. Therefore, it is critical to assess nutrient use and management practices to develop and teach best management practices. The objectives of this survey were to measure nutrient use and management practices on United States golf courses in 2021, and to determine if changes occurred since 2006. A survey was developed and distributed via e-mail to 14,033 United States golf facilities, with 1444 responding. From 2006 to 2021, the total projected nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P2O5), and soluble potash (K2O) applied declined by 41%, 59%, and 54%, to 54,376, 13,761, and 41,386 tons, respectively. These reductions were attributed to course closures, reduced fertilized acres, reduced application rates, and nutrient use restrictions. The percentage of facilities that did not apply P2O5 increased to 21%, which is likely a result of P2O5 application restrictions. Soil testing was associated with greater application rates of N, P2O5, and K2O. Returning clippings, using precision fertilizer applications, reducing turfgrass acreage, and considering N release from soil organic matter were associated with reduced application rates of P2O5. Golf course superintendents have contributed to nationwide reductions in N, P2O5, and K2O, as evidenced by the reduction in fertilized acres and the reduction in nutrient use rates from 2006 to 2021.

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“…Jingshan-CN was the only site representing a calcareous sand with an initial pH of 8.3. Kreuser et al (2012) examined P requirements of calcareous putting greens (pH 8.8) with creeping bentgrass as the predominant grass species and found a critical range of Mehlich-3 P of 6 to 11 mg kg -1 dry soil to maintain an acceptable visual turfgrass quality. The soil analyses from Jingshan-CN 2020 showed Mehlich-3 levels close to the the MLSN guidelines for the zero-P, MLSN, and the SPF treatments, whereas the SLAN treatment showed a Mehlich-3 P level of 50 mg kg -1 dry soil.…”

Section: Turf Quality From 2017 To 2020 On the Five Coursesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced phosphorus fertilization on golf courses: A comparison of three fertilizer recommendations for putting greens

Hesselsøe

Borchert

Øgaard

et al. 2022

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Sustainable phosphorus use is essential in golf course management to prevent eutrophication and overconsumption. The study aimed to investigate if phosphorus fertilization can be reduced without negative effects on turf quality. We compared two P fertilization recommendations based on soil analyses, one based on the annual nitrogen rate, and a zero-P control. The recommendations were the "minimum level of sustainable nutrition" (MLSN), which aims to keep treatment soil levels above 18 mg P kg -1 dry soil (Mehlich-3); the "sufficiency level of available nutrition" (SLAN), in which the threshold for excluding P fertilization is >54 mg P kg -1 dry soil (Mehlich-3); and "Scandinavian precision fertilization" (SPF), which recommends applying P at 12% of the annual N rate. The treatments were compared via monthly assessments of turf quality and the coverage of sown species and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) from 2017 to 2020 on five golf courses from Germany, Sweden, China, Norway, and the Netherlands. MLSN and SPF significantly reduced soil P at all sites compared with SLAN recommendations. Turf quality showed no significant differences. The results from the mixed creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)-annual bluegrass green showed a 2 to 4% increase in annual bluegrass coverage with P fertilization over the zero-P treatments. The MLSN guideline is recommended for sustainable P fertilization on established greens with low P sorption capacity under diverse climatic and management conditions. The SPF may result in application of excess P to soils with high Mehlich-3 values, as soil analyses are not considered.

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Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Mehlich‐3 Soil Test Phosphorus Requirements

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Phosphorus influences annual bluegrass competitiveness at seeding in perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass

Phosphorus influences annual bluegrass competitiveness at seeding in perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass

Nutrient Use and Management Practices on United States Golf Courses

Reduced phosphorus fertilization on golf courses: A comparison of three fertilizer recommendations for putting greens

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