Cretaceous Tertiary phenomena in the context of seafloor rearrangements and P(CO2) fluctuations over the past 100 m.y.

Liu, Y.-G.; Schmitt, R. A.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00453-x

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This result suggests that the deep-sea environment has been oxic and suitable for the formation of manganese nodules and crusts since the late Cretaceous. This is supported by the seawater Ce anomaly curve reported by Liu and Schmitt (1996), which indicates that seawater from 120 Ma to present has been depleted in Ce relative to other rare earth elements (REEs) due to selective adsorption of Ce 4+ to manganese oxides (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Formation Of Manganese Nodules and Crustssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…56, no. 4, 2006 Ce/Ce* of paleo-seawater (Liu and Schmitt, 1996) B A Fig. 3 (A) Estimated growth age of manganese nodules and crusts in DSDP/ODP cores.…”

Section: Manganese Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data for surface crust (CD29-2) are from Klemm et al (2005). (B) Secular curve of seawater Ce anomaly is from Liu and Schmitt (1996). ment of manganese carbonate are summarized in Table 4, based primarily on the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Report (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1990a, b, 1993g, 1995, 1999a, c, d, 2000b, and Urbat and Pletsch (2003).…”

Section: Manganese Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleoceanographic Setting and Preservation of Buried Manganese Deposits in DSDP/ODP Cores

Ito¹,

Komuro

2006

Resource Geology

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Abstract:The occurrence, lithology, and stratigraphic setting of buried manganese deposits and associated host sediments in cores obtained on Legs 123-210 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) are examined in order to establish the formative environment and conditions of preservation. Fossil manganese nodule and crusts are found to have formed or deposited throughout the period from 100 Ma to the present, with an additional example of formation near 137 Ma, suggesting that the deepsea environment has been oxic and suitable for the formation of manganese nodules and crusts since the Cretaceous. Many manganese nodules and crusts occur on horizons corresponding to hiatuses in sedimentation or periods of slow sedimentation, consistent with the environment in which modern nodules form (sedimentation rate less than 10 m/m.y.). Sediments overlying the fossil nodules and crusts are oozes or biogenic sediments with sedimentation rates of 1-18 m/m.y. Low total organic carbon (<0.1 wt%) in the overlying sediments and high sulfate content (>25 mM) in interstitial water around the manganese horizon suggest that no strong reduction occurred within the overlying sediments. Coverage by biogenic sediments containing only small amounts of organic matter is therefore considered important for the preservation of manganese nodules and crusts. Manganese carbonate occurs sporadically as nodules, concretions or thin layers in various host sediments, including clay, calcareous ooze and siliceous ooze with sedimentation rates of 6-125 m/m.y. Hiatuses are rare around the host sediments of manganese carbonate. Higher total organic carbon (0.2-1.8 wt%) in the host sediments and lower sulfate content (0-25 mM) in interstitial water around the manganese carbonate horizon suggest that reduction in association with decomposition of organic matter would have proceeded in the host sediments.

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Section: Formation Of Manganese Nodules and Crustssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…56, no. 4, 2006 Ce/Ce* of paleo-seawater (Liu and Schmitt, 1996) B A Fig. 3 (A) Estimated growth age of manganese nodules and crusts in DSDP/ODP cores.…”

Section: Manganese Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manganese Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleoceanographic Setting and Preservation of Buried Manganese Deposits in DSDP/ODP Cores

Ito¹,

Komuro

2006

Resource Geology

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“…Rough temporal coincidence between the KW events and uplift/volcanic episodes is possible (Racki 1998a). Continental runoff seems to be the key factor in controlling the strontium isotopic evolution of seawater (e.g., Martin 1996;Hallam and Wignall 1997, p. 22), whereas Ce anomalies provide a tool for recording rapid changes in the partial pressure of atmospheric CO 2 generated by hydrothermal activity (Liu and Schmitt 1996). Consequently, better understanding of the temporal variation of riverine and hydrothermal Sr fluxes, and REE pattern in the key Late Devonian interval, presents an immediate (but difficult) challenge for future research (see Girard and Albaréde 1996;Veizer et al 1997).…”

Section: Main Conflicting Points Around the Earth-bound Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FrasnianFamennian biotic crisis: How many (if any) bolide impacts?

Racki¹

1999

Geologische Rundschau

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“…The variations in relative abundances and fractionation behavior of REEs during low temperature aquatic reactions have made it a unique group to contrast and constrain various modern marine environments (De Baar et al, 1988;German and Elderfield, 1990;German et al, 1991) and paleogeochemical ones (Wright et al, 1987;Holser, 1997). It is also quite well established that REEs display characteristic W-type tetrad effect in the studied by various workers to understand paleooceanic redox processes (Bellanca et al, 1997;Liu and Schmitt, 1996), reconstruction of paleo-oceanic REE abundances by calculating K d (Webb and Kamber, 2000) and effects of diagenetic process (Qing and Mountjoy, 1994) on REE abundances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of rare earth element abundances in shallow marine continental platform carbonates of Late Neoproterozoic successions from India.

et al. 2003

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We have studied the REE distribution in shallow marine continental platform carbonates belonging to two late Neoproterozoic basins of India. Their REE abundance patterns normalized by chondrite display well defined W-type tetrad effect. Based on chondrite-normalized Gd/Ho, La/Nd ratios, the REE abundance patterns have been classified into three groups. (Y/Ho) and (Y/Dy) concentration ratios reflect a combined effect of Y fractionation relative to neighboring trivalent REEs during carbonate precipitation from seawater and influence of continental contributions with chondritic ratios. Negative Ce anomalies recorded in Krol and Bilara carbonates resembles the Ce anomaly reported from shallow marine waters. However, absence of Ce anomaly and distinct positive anomalies in some of our carbonate samples reflect post-depositional redox condition related to Ce mobilization and preferential enrichment during early diagenesis. Variations in the REE abundance patterns may be attributed to contamination with terrigenous particulates having shale like REE abundances and post-depositional early diagenetic processes.

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Cretaceous Tertiary phenomena in the context of seafloor rearrangements and P(CO2) fluctuations over the past 100 m.y.

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Paleoceanographic Setting and Preservation of Buried Manganese Deposits in DSDP/ODP Cores

Paleoceanographic Setting and Preservation of Buried Manganese Deposits in DSDP/ODP Cores

The FrasnianFamennian biotic crisis: How many (if any) bolide impacts?

Characteristics of rare earth element abundances in shallow marine continental platform carbonates of Late Neoproterozoic successions from India.

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Cretaceous Tertiary phenomena in the context of seafloor rearrangements and P(CO2) fluctuations over the past 100 m.y.

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Paleoceanographic Setting and Preservation of Buried Manganese Deposits in DSDP/ODP Cores

Paleoceanographic Setting and Preservation of Buried Manganese Deposits in DSDP/ODP Cores

The FrasnianFamennian biotic crisis: How many (if any) bolide impacts?

Characteristics of rare earth element abundances in shallow marine continental platform carbonates of Late Neoproterozoic successions from India.

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The FrasnianFamennian biotic crisis: How many (if any) bolide impacts?