Crianças e adolescentes em vulnerabilidade social: bem-estar, saúde mental e participação em educação

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the life condition of families in social vulnerability and their potential relation with well being, mental health and the participation and school performance of children and adolescents. Method: Mixed-method study which used a sociodemographic questionnaire, narrated body maps and semi-structured interviews for data collection. Data was collected at one of the units of the Services for Coexistence and Strengthening of Bonds of the Secretary of Social Assistance of the city of Ribeirão Preto. The children and adolescents attending the service, their teachers, family members and the local coordinator participated in the study. Quantitative statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistic version 24.0 program, qualitative assessment was performed through content analysis. Results: It was possible through the interviews and the physical maps to identify emotional suffering on the part of the children and adolescents, however, great difficulty in the perception of such state was noticed, which does not receive due attention from parents and teachers. The study also shows the impairment in the educational performance of children and adolescents due to factors mainly related to the culture of exclusion, lack of family encouragement, and the lack of preparation both from school and teachers to work with such population and their reality. Conclusion: There is a need for greater attention to vulnerable social groups through the formulation and implementation of public policies, social development programs and effective actions by the State and civil society.

Adolescentes em vulnerabilidade social

“…É fundamental considerar as repercussões e impactos causados pelos Determinantes Sociais de Saúde (DSS) nos domínios físico, cognitivo, emocional, ocupacional. Se tais iniquidades não forem enfrentadas, seus efeitos prejudiciais se reproduzirão para as futuras gerações (SOUZA, 2019).…”

Factors associated with common mental disorder in school teenagers

“…In addition to biological changes, gender issues also contribute to female adolescents' mental suffering, leaving us to look at inequality between men and women (24)(25) . In this area, we can point out the inequities regarding domestic tasks, considered inherent to the female, which may also be contributing to the illness of girls (24)(25)(26)(27) , especially when it comes to preadolescents, the age group with the highest incidence in this study.…”

“…In addition to biological changes, gender issues also contribute to female adolescents' mental suffering, leaving us to look at inequality between men and women (24)(25) . In this area, we can point out the inequities regarding domestic tasks, considered inherent to the female, which may also be contributing to the illness of girls (24)(25)(26)(27) , especially when it comes to preadolescents, the age group with the highest incidence in this study. This situation is more explicitly expressed in the most impoverished social classes (25)(26)(28)(29) , a scenario in which children and adolescents start to assume the responsibilities of adult people, such as cleaning the house, cooking, ironing clothes (24,30) and even taking care of other children, including engaging in the activity of educating them.…”

Prevenção ao Suicídio:

“…Os adolescentes que já vivem prejuízos em sua saúde mental são ainda mais vulneráveis à discriminação e exclusão social, dificuldades de acesso à educação e no próprio aprendizado, comportamentos de risco, como o uso de álcool e outras drogas, sexo desprotegido, doenças crônicas e violações dos direitos. Algumas situações são consideradas fatores de risco crônicos ou agudos para o desenvolvimento de sofrimento, como violências, problemas socioeconômicos, rompimentos de vínculos familiares, perda de pessoas importantes, não aceitação social, mortes e doenças crônicas (SOUZA et al, 2019).…”