Crime and Punishment in I ndia

Abstract

India has historically relied on both formal and informal systems of crime control. The formal system of crime control was based on the concept of Dharma (rules of right conduct), a Hindu religious concept applied by kings to render justice. During British rule, the British relied on formal agencies such as police, judiciary, and correctional administration to maintain order, deter crime, and punish those who violated laws. Prior to and during British rule, informal crime control existed side by side with the formal system. Instead of approaching the police to file complaints, families, neighbors, and the communities settled disputes and maintained community cohesiveness. The first part of this entry provides a historical overview of justice in India; the second part covers crime in India; the third section explains laws and punishments; and the final section provides a conclusion.