Crime and Society in England

Emsley, Clive

doi:10.4324/9781315834313

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The informal mechanisms of social control, comprising the voluntary actions, habits and behaviours of ordinary citizens rather than those of paid agents of the state, characterised policing before the establishment of the New Police in 1829 (Reiner, 2000). Whilst the actions of salaried police constables came to displace those of volunteers (Crawford, 1999;Emsley, 2011), they did not entirely supersede them. For example, Special Constabularies -which comprise uniformed volunteer constables with full police powers (see Seth, 1961;Leon, 1991;Mirrlees-Black and Bryon, 1994;Gaston and Alexander, 2001;Whittle, 2014;Bullock, 2014;Bullock and Leeney, 2014) -have been formally allied to regular constabularies since the mid-19 th century.…”

Section: Volunteers and The Police Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Shoring up the ‘home guard’? Reflections on the development and deployment of police support volunteer programmes in England and Wales

Bullock

2015

Policing and Society

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Whilst as a branch of the extended police family they are under-researched, volunteers have long played a role within constabularies. However, in the context of dominant political ideologies which have called for citizens to be more active in crime control and, more prosaically, pressure on police budgets at a time of state contraction, the volunteer is becoming more visible both in policing policy discourse and in practice. A novelty within Anglo-Welsh policing, this article explores the development and deployment of police support volunteer (PSV) programmes. First, it examines the nature of the roles that PSVs play and how these relate to roles played by other actors in the organisation. Second, it explores aspects of their management focusing on their coordination, training and supervision. Third, it considers the degree to which PSVs are integrated into the organisation and accepted by other actors who work therein, and discusses the reasons why the promulgation of PSVs might be resisted by salaried staff. Lastly, the article considers the implications in light of the scholarship on the pluralisation of policing focusing on the interlinked themes of effectiveness, coordination and integration and regulation and accountability

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Section: Volunteers and The Police Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Shoring up the ‘home guard’? Reflections on the development and deployment of police support volunteer programmes in England and Wales

Bullock

2015

Policing and Society

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“…He argued that this widening gap between capital convictions and executions, while coming at a time when the 'Bloody Code' faced increasing criticism by reformers, may also have been recognition, on the part of the authorities, that it would not be acceptable to execute so many individuals. 48 In a similar vein, Gatrell highlighted that in 1785, during the crime wave of the 1780s, of the 153 criminals capitally convicted at the Old Bailey, 85 were executed. He argued that, while it may have been plausible to execute 56% of the total offenders capitally convicted in 1785, by the 1820s this proportion could not be sustained.…”

Section: Executions In Early Nineteenth-century Scotlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualising the Punishment of Death

Bennett

2017

Capital Punishment and the Criminal Corpse in Scotland, 1740–1834

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Legal writers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries recognised not only the differences between the legal systems north and south of the border, but also the differences in their use of capital punishment. An awareness of Scotland's lesser recourse to the death sentence was praised in the legal commentaries cited in Chap. 2 and Scots law was held up as a bastion of Scottish identity that had been maintained after the Union. 1 However, in conducting the first extensive examination of the court records, as well as sources rich with qualitative material such as newspapers, state papers and Home Office records, this study demonstrates that Scotland witnessed significant fluctuations in its execution rate and a more frequent recourse to the death sentence for particular crimes in certain decades. This chapter will examine three key periods in Scotland's capital punishment history. It will demonstrate that, while there were discernible similarities north and south of the border in terms of an increase in the sheer number of executions as well as an intensification of debates over criminality, the drivers behind this and the responses to it in Scotland differed markedly. In turn, an investigation into the previously neglected Scottish experience offers a unique perspective of Britain's use of the death sentence at these three crucial junctures. The opening section of this chapter will demonstrate that the mid-eighteenth century was a focal period in Scotland's penal history. It was a time when the country, particularly the Highlands, was reeling from the events of the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion (the '45) and the British government was determined to penetrate the CHAPTER 3

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“…Clive Emsley has noted that the term "organised crime" was not one much used in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. 15 Certainly for much of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, specific references to organised crime and criminality were used predominately in a political 17 In such writings, "new" methods and forms of criminality were strongly associated with the organisation and planning of crime. Thus in 1933, exDivisional Detective Charles Leach would describe the "new criminal" of the post-war period: "brought up on the 'movies' and the 'dogs,' and restlessly moving towards the dogs; daily swelling the growing army of the new-style criminal, the 'smash-and-grab'…”

Section: The Organised Criminalmentioning

confidence: 99%