Crime in the Ivory Tower: The Level and Sources of Student Victimization*

Fisher, Bonnie S.; Sloan, John J.; Cullen, Francis T.; Lu, Chunmeng

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01262.x

Cited by 277 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Não obstante, sabe-se que o consumo de substâncias aumenta a vulnerabilidade do sujeito para experienciar situações traumáticas (Fisher, Sloan, Cullen & Lu, 1998;Stevens et al, 2007). Por isso, desenvolvemos um questionário que possibilitará o levantamento de informações a respeito da vitimação de indivíduos com história de consumo de drogas.…”

Section: A Necessidade De Avaliar a Vitimação Entre Dependentes De Drunclassified

Toxicodependência e Vitimação: Inquérito Dirigido a Indivíduos Dependentes de Drogas

Nunes

Sani

2014

Análise Psicológica

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A toxicodependência apresenta-se ligada a outros problemas, como a prática criminosa e a vitimação. Esta última não tem sido suficientemente explorada, verificando-se que os inquéritos de vitimação não apuram o papel das drogas nas ocorrências criminais, nomeadamente, no que diz respeito à vítima. Contudo, é frequente a presença de substâncias, tanto no ofensor, como na vítima ou em ambos. Este trabalho explora alguns modelos teóricos que acabam por corroborar a ideia de que o toxicodependente é frequentemente vítima de crime, apresentando-se um questionário construído para a realização de inquéritos de vitimação sobre a população toxicodependente. Através do instrumento podem inquirir-se os indivíduos a respeito da vitimação vivida no período antecedente à toxicodependência e na fase de dependência. Assim, após os dados sociodemográficos, questiona-se a vitimação prévia à dependência, as circunstâncias e condições dessas ocorrências, seguindo-se outra parte referente à vitimação vivida na fase de toxicodependência, às circunstâncias e condições em que tal se verificou, havendo sempre referência ao eventual papel das drogas consumidas, pelas vítimas e/ou ofensores. Conclui-se ser muito importante avaliar a vitimação de populações específicas como esta, devendo atender-se ao papel das drogas e integrando-se a componente da vitimação nos programas de atendimento a toxicodependentes. Várias análises à relação droga-crime (Agra, 2002;Brochu, 2006;Nunes, 2011a;Seddon, 2006) têm-se centrado essencialmente no dependente de drogas como potencial ofensor, sendo inquestionável essa associação entre o consumo problemático de substâncias e a prática criminosa. No entanto, pode afirmar-se que as situações em que o toxicodependente se apresenta como vítima não são raras e constituem mais uma das configurações dessa ligação entre droga e crime (Nunes, Palavras-chave: 79A correspondência relativa a este artigo deverá ser enviada para: Laura M. Nunes, Universidade Fernando Pessoa,

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Section: A Necessidade De Avaliar a Vitimação Entre Dependentes De Drunclassified

Toxicodependência e Vitimação: Inquérito Dirigido a Indivíduos Dependentes de Drogas

Nunes

Sani

2014

Análise Psicológica

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“…Other research in a variety of contexts shows similar results (e.g., Kennedy & Forde, 1990;Fisher, Sloan, Cullen, & Lu, 1998;Miethe & McDowall, 1993;Thompson & Fisher, 1996). For instance, Meithe and McDowall (1993) were at risk for being victims of stranger violence.…”

Section: Neighborhood Context Crime and Criminal Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Unpacking the Influence of Neighborhood Context and Antisocial Propensity on Violent Victimization of Children and Adolescents in Chicago

Gibson¹

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This research combines social disorganization and self-control theories to understand violent victimization among children and adolescents. In doing so, several research questions are investigated to explore the independent and interactive influences that neighborhood disadvantage and low self-control have on violent victimization risk.Data from the 9, 12, and 15-year old cohorts of the Longitudinal Cohort Study in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN-LCS) were used in this study. Data analyzed were from self-reports of children, adolescents, and their primary caregivers during waves 1 and 2 of the longitudinal data collection effort. In addition, neighborhood structural characteristics from the U.S. Census were also analyzed.Results from a combination of hierarchical generalized linear models and multivariate logistic regression models with robust standard errors revealed that violent victimization did not significantly vary across neighborhoods, and independent of various behavioral and lifestyle choices made by children and adolescents, low self-control increased the risk for becoming a victim of violence. Additionally, choices made by them also influenced their risk of violent victimization; those who reported engaging in violent offending, spending more time in unstructured activities, and having more delinquent peers had a higher risk of being a victim of violence. Further analysis shows that the association between low self-control and violent victimization risk varies across levels of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage in which youth live; low self-control's influence in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods dissipated while it was amplified for those living in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods. Unstructured socializing with peers was the only factor that significantly influenced violent victimization risk across low, medium and high disadvantaged neighborhoods. Findings are consistent with a "social push" perspective, which suggests that disadvantaged environments provide social pressures that may override the influence of individual differences on vulnerability to violent victimization.Implications of this study's findings are discussed as they relate to policy, prevention and theory; while also setting forth a research agenda on neighborhoods, antisocial traits, and violent victimization risk for future research.

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“…The theory, though criticized for failing to examine the important roles of both offenders and victims, holds that people who spent much time close to each other are often involved in offending and victimization amongst themselves. This can be applied to a married couple or to an environment such as a university campus where a large population of students spent much time close together, hence bringing potentially large concentrations of offenders and victims to one place, thus increasing the incidents of offending and victimization (Fisher et al, 1998). This theory can be applied to design measures for controlling behaviours in places where many people interact as a crime prevention method.…”

Section: Theory Of Crime Resistance and Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radicalization as a Functional Aspect of Crime

Kombo

2017

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences

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Radicalization into extremism and terrorism is a controversial topic amongst scholars on the approaches used to understand the phenomenon. This paper examine some theories on the subject and the debate raging amongst scholars with regard to the differing models and approaches. The key theories examined in respect to radicalization include the theological model, the psychological approach, vulnerability explanations, discrimination/alienation models and political explanations.

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Crime in the Ivory Tower: The Level and Sources of Student Victimization*

Cited by 277 publications

References 31 publications

Toxicodependência e Vitimação: Inquérito Dirigido a Indivíduos Dependentes de Drogas

Toxicodependência e Vitimação: Inquérito Dirigido a Indivíduos Dependentes de Drogas

Unpacking the Influence of Neighborhood Context and Antisocial Propensity on Violent Victimization of Children and Adolescents in Chicago

Radicalization as a Functional Aspect of Crime

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