Criminal collaboration and risk: The drivers of Al Qaeda’s network structure before and after 9/11

Ouellet, Marie; Bouchard, Martin; Hart, Mackenzie J.

doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2017.01.005

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Triadic closure is considered important in criminal networks as collaborating within closed triads may provide control and support and thus facilitate trust (Coleman, 1988), which may otherwise be scarce in illicit contexts. Again, this is supported by previous research (Bright et al, 2019;Diviák et al, 2019b;Grund and Densley, 2012;Ouellet et al, 2017). Mechanisms related to individual attributes reflect the fact that actors with different predispositions and characteristics may have different propensities towards tie formation.…”

Section: Dyadic Group and Location-level Determinants Of Collaboration Among Organised Criminalssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Research on criminal networks has revealed determinants of collaboration between individual criminal actors (Bright et al, 2019;Diviák et al, 2019a;Grund and Densley, 2012;Ouellet et al, 2017). Mechanisms that stimulate collaborative tie formation among actors may either be endogenous network mechanisms, mechanisms related to individual attributes, or mechanisms related to dyadic variables.…”

Section: Dyadic Group and Location-level Determinants Of Collaboration Among Organised Criminalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups

et al. 2020

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Section: Dyadic Group and Location-level Determinants Of Collaboration Among Organised Criminalssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Dyadic Group and Location-level Determinants Of Collaboration Among Organised Criminalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups

et al. 2020

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“…Few scholars have explored the effects of crises on criminal organizations from a network perspective. Some studies have examined the changes in criminal networks through different periods and have highlighted the flexibility that characterizes criminal networks when facing hard or unstable times (e.g., Bright and Delaney 2013;Ouellet et al 2017;Ouellet and Bouchard 2018). Bright and Delaney (2013) examined the change and the evolution of a drug trafficking network across time and found that networks are flexible and adaptive structures following a process of adaptation similar to living organisms.…”

Section: Group Structure and Individual Centrality In Times Of Crisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After all, these groups also manage their social networks, in part, to avoid law enforcement detection. Ouellet et al (2017) studied the processes that drove collaboration between offenders in the Al-Qaeda (AQ) network before and after 9/11 (war on terror period). They found that although AQ leaders were still involved in planning activities after 9/11, they did so from an increased social distance, in sparser networks.…”

Section: Group Structure and Individual Centrality In Times Of Crisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, organizations may look to leaders for direction (Lanzetta 1955), which may increase their influence during periods of crises (Hamblin 1958), especially if they are counted on to control communications (Argote et al 1989). The limited evidence for changes in criminal leaders' network positions is mixed Morselli and Petit 2007;Ouellet et al 2017). Ultimately, whether leaders emerge as stronger or weaker from a crisis may well depend on the attribution of blame-was the crisis caused by the leaders in the first place?…”

Section: Group Structure and Individual Centrality In Times Of Crisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on Gang-Related Violence in the 21st Century

2021

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Police programmes that seek to increase community connectedness for reducing violent extremism behaviour, attitudes and beliefs

Mazerolle

Eggins

Cherney

et al. 2020

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Background Police can play a role in tackling violent extremism through disrupting terrorist plots and by working with communities to identify individuals at risk of radicalisation. Police programmes to tackle violent extremism can involve a range of approaches and partnerships. One approach includes efforts to improve community connectedness by working to address social isolation, belonging, economic opportunities and norms and values that may lead people to endorse or support violent extremist causes and groups. The assumption is that the risk of an individual being radicalised in the community can be reduced when police work in pothe international legal ordersitive ways with community members and groups to mobilise and support activities that help generate a sense of belonging and trust. Police programmes that build a sense of belonging and trust may help ensure individuals are not influenced by activities that violent extremists use to attract support for their cause. Objectives The review aimed to systematically examine whether or not police programmes that seek to promote community connectedness are effective in reducing violent extremist behaviours, attitudes and beliefs. The review also sought to identify whether effectiveness varied by the intervention type and location. Search Methods Using terrorism‐related terms, we searched the Global Policing Database to identify eligible published and unpublished evaluations between January 2002 and December 2018. We supplemented this with comprehensive searches of relevant terrorism and counter‐terrorism websites and research repositories, reference harvesting of eligible and topic‐relevant studies, forward citation searches of eligible studies, hand‐searches of leading journals and consultations with experts. Selection Criteria Eligible studies needed to include an initiative that involved the police, either through police initiation, development, leadership or where the police were receivers of the programme (such as a training programme) or where the police delivered or implemented the intervention. The initiative also needed to be some kind of a strategy, technique, approach, activity, campaign, training, programme, directive or funding/organisational change that involved police in some way to promote community connectedness. Community connectedness was defined as being community consultation, partnership or collaboration with citizens and/or organisational entities. Eligible outcomes included violent extremism, along with radicalisation and disengagement which are considered to be attitudinal and belief‐based components of violent extremism. These outcomes could be measured via self‐report instruments, interviews, observations and/or official data. To be included, studies could utilise individuals, micro‐ or macroplaces as the participants. Finally, studies needed to provide a quantitative impact evaluation that utilised a randomised or quasi‐experimental design with a comparison group that either did not receive the intervention, or that received “b...

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Criminal collaboration and risk: The drivers of Al Qaeda’s network structure before and after 9/11

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups

Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups

Research on Gang-Related Violence in the 21st Century

Police programmes that seek to increase community connectedness for reducing violent extremism behaviour, attitudes and beliefs

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